Higiene bucal y enfermedades dentales en jóvenes que asisten al centro de salud pueblo joven, Abancay 2021

La tesis tuvo como propósito fundamental conocer la relación que existe entre la salud bucal con las enfermedades dentales en los jóvenes que asisten al centro de salud Pueblo Joven, Abancay 2021, donde la población estuvo contemplada por 780 jóvenes de 18 a 29 años y la muestra resultó 258 jóvenes, el cual se analizó a la variable salud bucal y las enfermedades dentales. El nivel que correspondió fue correlacional, el diseño no experimental y el instrumento aplicado. Por tanto, queda demostrado que existe asociación favorable entre la salud bucal y las enfermedades dentales, a través del análisis de la chicuadrado de Pearson; se observa una significación asintótica (Bilateral) de 0,00 < a 0,05 resultado que muestra una asociación favorable e influyente entre la salud bucal y las enfermedades dentales. Por otro lado, se evidencia el chi-cuadrado calculado de 62,076 con grado de libertad de 4 por lo que le corresponde un valor de la chi-cuadrado tabulado de 9,4877l, se reafirma una asociación favorable entre ambas variables con un nivel de confianza de 95% y un coeficiente de correlación de -0,448, significa que ambas variables presentan una asociación o correlación negativa modera

Plan de intervención para disminuir las enfermedades dentales en niños menores de 5 años del Centro de Salud Carlos Alfredo Ayestas la Torre, Abancay - 2022

El presente trabajo académico titulado “Programa de intervención para disminuir las enfermedades dentales en niños menores de 5 años del centro de salud Carlos Alfredo Ayestas la Torre, Abancay-2022” se desarrolla con el propósito de crear un plan de mejora que permita detectar, intervenir y disminuir las enfermedades dentales en menores de 5 años, ya que es una población etaria particularmente en riesgo de enfermedades bucodentales pues no han logrado desarrollar la totalidad de su capacidad motora para higienizar correctamente sus dientes y porque su dieta está totalmente a cargo de un adulto. Aunque son múltiples las enfermedades que pueden originarse en la cavidad oral, hay algunas que son mucho más prevalentes que otras. Por lo que, estas enfermedades hoy en día se consideran un problema de alta magnitud que afecta de forma negativa el bienestar, pues afecta a más del 90% de la población mundial, principalmente en sujetos menores de 15 años, que pese a los esfuerzos todavía no se ha logrado disminuir su incidencia la cual se mantiene entre el 60 y 80% de jóvenes y adolescentes, así como en el 40% de niños

Zoonosis, cambio climático y sociedad

La sociedad contemporánea se enfrenta a uno de los retos más grandes de la historia humana, el calentamiento global, mismo que acarrea enormes consecuencias, tales como los disturbios climáticos, así como los patrones de las enfermedades de origen animal transmisibles al hombre. Precisamente ante este escenario las instituciones educativas de nivel superior deben dar cumplimiento a su responsabilidad y ser las generadoras de alternativas de solución mediante el trabajo especializado de investigación; y para ello, la pesquisa científica es la mejor de las alternativas a nuestro alcance para comprender y encarar estos desafíos.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México y Ediciones y Gráficos Eón, S.A. de C.V

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Successful pharmaco-invasive approach using a lower alteplase dose and VA-ECMO support in high-risk pulmonary embolism: case report

Despite the elevated mortality rates associated with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE), this condition remains understudied. Data regarding the effectiveness and safety of invasive therapies such as venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) in this patient population remains controversial. Here, we present the case of a 61-year-old male with high-risk PE associated with refractory cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock who underwent a combination of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation with VA-ECMO and pharmaco-invasive therapy (mechanical thrombi fragmentation plus lower alteplase dose), resulting in successful pulmonary reperfusion. After a prolonged in-hospital stay, the patient was discharged in stable condition

Investigación Arquitectónica - AR246 - 202102

Descripción: El curso de Investigación Arquitectónica conduce a la obtención del grado de Bachiller. Es la primera etapa del proceso de titulación profesional, que continua con el curso de Lineamientos para el Proyecto Profesional, sigue con el Taller X y termina con la sustentación del Proyecto de Tesis . La asignatura implementa ejercicios de indagación y procesamiento de información de situaciones reales y objetivas, que sirven de fundamento y soporte, para demostrar la pertinencia de un tema arquitectónico propuesto y su viabilidad. Propósito: Mediante la profundización del conocimiento de un tema elegido el estudiante será capaz de manejar técnicas e instrumentos de investigación para la búsqueda, identificación, selección, análisis, evaluación y uso de información en la construcción de: la justificación, la viabilidad, la articulación de un marco teórico, el análisis de proyectos referenciales, el protocolo teórico de diseño y la síntesis de conclusiones de su propuesta temática, para el Proyecto de Tesis. El curso contribuye directamente al desarrollo de las competencias generales Comunicación Escrita y Manejo de la Información, así como la competencia específica de Diseño Fundamentado (que comprende los criterios NAAB [PC2,PC3,PC8,SC3,PC5, SC5]; las tres a nivel 3 (avanzado). Tiene como requisito el curso TVII - Taller de Integración

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS-so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts