Study of the distribution of temperatures in the windings of a transformer after suffering a short-circuit

Power transformers are electrical machines that allow us to transport electric energy, with reduced losses, from generation stations to consumption points. This definition gives us an idea of the number of machines of this type that are used in power distribution systems worldwide. The lifespan of this equipment often exceeds 30 years of operation. Therefore, they can be described as very robust equipment. The main problem that may affect power transformers is the operation at high temperature. This paper summarizes the results of a post mortem study carried out on an 800 kVA distribution transformer. The methodology that is considered for estimating the temperature distribution in the windings of the machine is based on the calculation of the degree of polymerization of the dielectric paper. This parameter is associated with the state of the paper insulation that protects the conductors of the windings. By knowing the value of this magnitude for a new and for an aged paper, and the period of operation of a transformer, the temperature distribution along the height of the windings can be estimated. With these results and the loading regime that a transformer has endured throughout his life, one can draw conclusions for future designs or for similar transformers still in operation

Quantitative study on the aging of kraft paper in vegetable oils

The focus of this article is on the values of the activation energy and pre-exponential factor in the Emsley/Heywood kinetic model as applied to vegetable oil-impregnated paper as a step forward in the quantitative study of the degradation of the paper

Clinical and economic impact of ‘ROS1-testing’ strategy compared to a ‘no-ROS1-testing’ strategy in advanced NSCLC in Spain

Background Detection of the ROS1 rearrangement is mandatory in patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to allow targeted therapy with specific inhibitors. However, in Spanish clinical practice ROS1 determination is not yet fully widespread. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical and economic impact of sequentially testing ROS1 in addition to EGFR and ALK in Spain. Methods A joint model (decision-tree and Markov model) was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of testing ROS1 strategy versus a no-ROS1 testing strategy in Spain. Distribution of ROS1 techniques, rates of testing, positivity, and invalidity of biomarkers included in the analysis (EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and PD-L1) were based on expert opinion and Lungpath real-world database. Treatment allocation depending on the molecular testing results was defined by expert opinion. For each treatment, a 3-states Markov model was developed, where progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) curves were parameterized using exponential extrapolations to model transition of patients among health states. Only medical direct costs were included (euro 2021). A lifetime horizon was considered and a discount rate of 3% was applied for both costs and effects. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to address uncertainty. Results A target population of 8755 patients with advanced NSCLC (non-squamous or never smokers squamous) entered the model. Over a lifetime horizon, the ROS1 testing scenario produced additional 157.5 life years and 121.3 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) compared with no-ROS1 testing scenario. Total direct costs were increased up to euro 2,244,737 for ROS1 testing scenario. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was 18,514 euro/QALY. Robustness of the base-case results were confirmed by the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our study shows that ROS1 testing in addition to EGFR and ALK is a cost-effective strategy compared to no-ROS1 testing, and it generates more than 120 QALYs in Spain over a lifetime horizon. Despite the low prevalence of ROS1 rearrangements in NSCLC patients, the clinical and economic consequences of ROS1 testing should encourage centers to test all advanced or metastatic NSCLC (non-squamous and never-smoker squamous) patients

Clinical and economic impact of current ALK rearrangement testing in Spain compared with a hypothetical no-testing scenario

Background: Currently biomarkers play an essential role in diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) determination of biomarkers such as ALK, EGFR, ROS1 or PD-L1 is mandatory for an adequate treatment decision. The aim of this study is to determine the clinical and economic impact of current anaplastic lymphoma kinase testing scenario in Spain. Methods: A joint model, composed by decision-tree and Markov models, was developed to estimate the long-term health outcomes and costs of NSCLC patients, by comparing the current testing scenario for ALK in Spain vs a hypothetical no-testing. The current distribution of testing strategies for ALK determination and their sensitivity and specificity data were obtained from the literature. Treatment allocation based on the molecular testing result were defined by a panel of Spanish experts. To assess long-term effects of each treatment, 3-states Markov models were developed, where progression-free survival and overall survival curves were extrapolated using exponential models. Medical direct costs (expressed in €, 2019) were included. A lifetime horizon was used and a discount rate of 3% was applied for both costs and health effects. Several sensitivity analyses, both deterministic and probabilistic, were performed in order test the robustness of the analysis. Results: We estimated a target population of 7628 NSCLC patients, including those with non-squamous histology and those with squamous carcinomas who were never smokers. Over the lifetime horizon, the current ALK testing scenario produced additional 5060 and 3906 life-years and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY), respectively, compared with the no-testing scenario. Total direct costs were increased up to € 51,319,053 for testing scenario. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 10,142 €/QALY. The sensitivity analyses carried out confirmed the robustness of the base-case results, being the treatment allocation and the test accuracy (sensitivity and specificity data) the key drivers of the model. Conclusions: ALK testing in advanced NSCLC patients, non-squamous and never-smoker squamous, provides more than 3000 QALYs in Spain over a lifetime horizon. Comparing this gain in health outcomes with the incremental costs, the resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio reinforces that testing non-squamous and never-smoker squamous NSCLC is a cost-effective strategy in Spain

Alteration of the Mitochondrial Effects of Ceria Nanoparticles by Gold: An Approach for the Mitochondrial Modulation of Cells Based on Nanomedicine

[EN] Ceria nanoparticles are cell compatible antioxidants whose activity can be enhanced by gold deposition and by surface functionalization with positive triphenylphosphonium units to selectively target the mitochondria. The antioxidant properties of these nanoparticles can serve as the basis of a new strategy for the treatment of several disorders exhibiting oxidative stress, such as cancer, diabetes or Alzheimer's disease. However, all of these pathologies require a specific antioxidant according with their mechanism to remove oxidant species excess in cells and diminish their effect on mitochondrial function. The mechanism through which ceria nanoparticles neutralize oxidative stress and their effect on mitochondrial function have not been characterized yet. In the present study, the mitochondria antioxidant effect of ceria and ceria-supported gold nanoparticles, with or without triphenylphosphonium functionalization, was assessed in HeLa cells. The effect caused by ceria nanoparticles on mitochondria function in terms of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi m), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and nuclear factor erythroid-2 like 1 (NFE2L1) was reversed by the presence of gold. Furthermore, this effect was enhanced when nanoparticles were functionalized with triphenylphosphonium. Our study illustrates how the mitochondrial antioxidant effect induced by ceria nanoparticles can be modulated by the presence of gold.This research was funded by Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Fund, grant number CP13/00252 and PI16/1083; the Catalonian Agency for Management of University and Research Grants, grant number 2017SGR1303; the Ministry of Education of the Valencian Regional Government, grant number PROMETEO/2019/027, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region, grant number Nanobetes2.Gutiérrez-Carcedo, P.; Navalón Oltra, S.; Simó, R.; Setoain, X.; Aparicio-Gómez, C.; Abasolo, I.; Victor, VM.... (2020). Alteration of the Mitochondrial Effects of Ceria Nanoparticles by Gold: An Approach for the Mitochondrial Modulation of Cells Based on Nanomedicine. Nanomaterials. 10(4):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10040744S11610

[Edificios varios] [Material gráfico]

Contiene fotografías pertenecientes al archivo fotográfico del diario "Región", publicadas entre 1968-1983Algunas fotos no indican autoría; el resto firmadas por Salvador Hevia (Oviedo), Estudio fotográfico Luis Oliveira (Oviedo), Foto Alvaro (Avilés), Foto José Rúiz (Oviedo), Foto E. Gar (Oviedo), Foto Sierra (Oviedo), Foto Gutiérrez (Pravia

De la alfabetización audiovisual y gestual, a la creación de documental para los juicios de violencia de género

Memoria ID-0111. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Manual de buenas prácticas en la plasmación de un artículo científico a través de píldoras del conocimiento en la revista Fonseca Journal off Communication

Memoria ID-0311. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Los roles de género: del tratamiento de los contenidos a los procesos de evaluación

Memoria ID12-0073. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013

[Enrique Rodríguez "Dacal II"] [Material gráfico]

Contiene fotografías pertenecientes al archivo fotográfico del diario "Región", publicadas entre 1972 y 1982Algunas fotografías carecen de autoría. El resto firmadas por Foto Pérez (Soto del Barco), Información Gráfica Sierra (Oviedo), Salvador Hevia (Oviedo), Foto Marcos (Avilés), Cifra Gráfica, Fotos Paz (Candás), Foto Sanso (Avilés), y en manuscrito, Foto GutiérrezAl menos una de las fotografías parece una tarjeta postal editad