Espacio público y sus implicaciones en el envejecimiento activo en el lugar

La investigación reflexiona sobre las implicaciones del espacio público en la promoción del envejecimiento activo en el lugar, desde el enfoque de la gerontología ambiental. La metodología ha consistido en una exhaustiva revisión de la literatura científica a partir de artículos de revistas indexadas al Web of Science y Scopus. Los estudios indican que las características del entorno físico-social, como accesibilidad, seguridad y atractividad, determinan la promoción de las actividades de ocio y tiempo libre, como caminar y hacer deporte, entre las personas adultas mayores. En la región de América Latina y el Caribe existe un limitado conocimiento teórico y metodológico sobre la relación entre las características del espacio público y la promoción del envejecimiento activo en el lugar. Se propone impulsar las investigaciones interdisciplinares sobre espacios públicos desde la gerontología ambiental con objeto de favorecer políticas de envejecimiento activo, así como propiciar ciudades amigables para una sociedad que envejeceThe investigation reflects on the implications of public space in the promotion of active aging in the place, from the approach of environmental gerontology. The methodology consisted of an exhaustive review of the scientific literature from journal articles indexed to the Web of Science and Scopus. Studies indicate that the characteristics of the physical-social environment, such as accessibility, safety and attractiveness, determine the promotion of leisure and free time activities, such as walking and sports, among older adults. In the Latin American and Caribbean region, there is limited theoretical and methodological knowledge about the relationship between the characteristics of public space and the promotion of active aging in place. It is proposed to promote interdisciplinary research on public spaces from environmental gerontology in order to promote policies of active aging, as well as promoting friendly cities for an aging societ

Implantación y desarrollo de los cuidados paliativos en Castilla y León

El objetivo es analizar la situación de los Cuidados Paliativos en Castilla y León y estimar la influencia que tienen las políticas de salud en la mejora de la cobertura asistencial. Se realiza en primer lugar un análisis documental cualitativo de planes y estrategias existentes, para delimitar un marco normativo y conceptual. Se hace también un análisis descriptivo desde una perspectiva múltiple (datos asistenciales oficiales a través de la Gerencia de Salud, opiniones y sugerencias de los profesionales a través de una encuesta y un análisis DAFO y la realidad de docencia e investigación a través de diversas bases de datos y sitios web). Castilla y León se encuentra por encima de la media del resto de las CCAA en cuanto al número de recursos de CP referido a la población y ha experimentado un desarrollo positivo en los últimos años, sin embargo, no alcanza aún las recomendaciones europeas. La implementación de planes de Cuidados Paliativos se asocia a un crecimiento de recursos asistenciales limitado a los años siguientes a su publicación. La actualización, evaluación y seguimiento de esos planes favorece el crecimiento del número de recursos.Departamento de Medicina, Dermatología y ToxicologíaDoctorado en Investigación en Ciencias de la Salu

Puertos secos, una apuesta al desarrollo intermodal en la ciudad región de Girardot

Esta monografía compilativa, describe el aporte que ofrecen los puertos secos al desarrollo del transporte intermodal en la Ciudad Región de Girardot y la manera en que dichos puertos secos conforman un eslabón en la cadena de suministro. Se desarrollan los diferentes conceptos referentes al transporte intermodal, puertos secos, plataformas logísticas y el aporte de dichas plataformas a las cadenas de valor. De manera tal, que se facilita al lector la comprensión del vocabulario logístico. Se evidencian las diferentes actividades logísticas, desarrolladas en las plataformas intermodales y se muestra la importancia de las nuevas plataformas logísticas en el descongestionamiento de carga. Se determina cómo está dado el ámbito logístico de Girardot como eje articulador en la transferencia de carga intermodal y de esta manera se contempla una posibilidad competitiva de Girardot Ciudad Región frente a otras ciudades Se estudian los elementos determinantes al momento de implementar una plataforma de transferencia de carga intermodal en la ciudad Región de Girardot, donde se realice ruptura de cadena de transporte y logística. Se visualiza la importancia de contemplar las diferentes plataformas intermodales con transporte intermodal para desarrollar competitividad, agregar valor a cada una de las actividades minimizando costos y tiempos y maximizando utilidades

Predicting length of stay across hospital departments

The length of hospital stay and its implications have a significant economic and human impact. As a consequence, the prediction of that key parameter has been subject to previous research in recent years. Most previous work has analysed length of stay in particular hospital departments within specific study groups, which has resulted in successful prediction rates, but only occasionally reporting predictive patterns. In this work we report a predictive model for length of stay (LOS) together with a study of trends and patterns that support a better understanding on how LOS varies across different hospital departments and specialties. We also analyse in which hospital departments the prediction of LOS from patient data is more insightful. After estimating predictions rates, several patterns were found; those patterns allowed, for instance, to determine how to increase prediction accuracy in women admitted to the emergency room for enteritis problems. Overall, concerning these recognised patterns, the results are up to 21.61% better than the results with baseline machine learning algorithms in terms of error rate calculation, and up to 23.83% in terms of success rate in the number of predicted which is useful to guide the decision on where to focus attention in predicting LOS

Digital Image Filtering Optimization Supporting Iberian Ham Quality Prediction

Digital images of food for later analysis tend to be heterogeneous in terms of color and luminosity. Improving these images by using filters is necessary and crucial before further processing. This paper compares the non-use of filters and the use of high-pass filters in the images of hand-cut Iberian ham that will be used in a multifractal analysis for the study of fat and its infiltration. The yielded results show that with the use of a high-pass filter, more accurate fractal dimensions were obtained, which can be featured in predictive techniques of Iberian ham quality

El principio de precaución ambiental en el estado colombiano

Con esta investigación se propone una orientación teórica que deberá seguir la Administración Pública en Colombia para la aplicación del Principio de Precaución , en atención a su ausencia, según se pudo verificar mediante el análisis legal, doctrinal y jurisprudencial realizado. Además se propone una reforma al numeral sexto del artículo primero de la Ley 99 de 1993, con el fin de que el principio de precaución ambiental logre los efectos jurídicos para los que fue incorporado en el derecho internacional ambiental y en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. Para alcanzar este propósito, fue necesario hacer una aproximación del origen y la naturaleza del Principio de Precaución . Del mismo modo, se precisaron sus elementos estructurales y se presentaron algunos ejemplos del derecho europeo de recomendaciones sobre cómo aplicarse, para finalmente estructurar una orientación para la aplicación en el Estado colombiano, concretamente por la Administración Públic

Production of Cellulose Nanofibers from Olive Tree Harvest—a Residue with Wide Applications

With the aim of identifying new sources to produce cellulose nanofibers, olive tree pruning biomass (OTPB) was proposed for valorization as a sustainable source of cellulose. OTPB was subjected to a soda pulping process for cellulose purification and to facilitate the delamination of the fiber in the nanofibrillation process. Unbleached and bleached pulp were used to study the effect of lignin in the production of cellulose nanofibers through different pretreatments (mechanical and TEMPO-mediated oxidation). High-pressure homogenization was used as the nanofibrillation treatment. It was observed that for mechanical pretreatment, the presence of lignin in the fiber produces a greater fibrillation, resulting in a smaller width than that achieved with bleached fiber. In the case of TEMPO-mediated oxidation, the cellulose nanofiber characteristics show that the presence of lignin has an adverse effect on fiber oxidation, resulting in lower nanofibrillation. It was observed that the crystallinity of the nanofibers is lower than that of the original fiber, especially for unbleached nanofibers. The residual lignin content resulted in a greater thermal stability of the cellulose nanofibers, especially for those obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. The characteristics of the cellulose nanofibers obtained in this work identify a gateway to many possibilities for reinforcement agents in paper suspension and polymeric matrices

Quercus ilex leaf as a functional ingredient: polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity throughout simulated gastrointestinal digestion and antimicrobial activity

Quercus ilex leaf constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds, with health and technological properties. In this study, the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of phenolic compounds from ground leaf (GL) and leaf powder extract (PE) was evaluated for the first time. The GL showed an increase in antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and individual phenolic compounds identified in the oral and gastric phase, decreasing in the intestinal and absorption (dialysis) phases, while PE showed a slight decrease in the oral and gastric phase and a more pronounced reduction in the last phases. Although the content of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity were higher in the initial PE, the bioaccessibility (55.27% in GL vs. 34.23% in PE) and the recovery in the last step of the gastrointestinal tract in the colon-available fraction (29.24% in GL vs. 27.90% in PE) were higher in GL. The PE showed high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus, showing minimum inhibitory concentration values between 1 and 5 mg/mL. These results showed the complexity and richness of Q. ilex PE and GL in phenolics with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, underlining their use as a source of biofunctional compounds for the development of novel food additives and nutraceuticals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cellulose Nanofibers from Olive Tree Pruning as Food Packaging Additive of a Biodegradable Film

A biodegradable packaging film containing cellulose nanofibers from olive tree pruning, a by-product of olives production, was obtained using a solvent casting method. Nanocellulose was added to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to enhance the technological properties of the composite film as food packaging material. Nanocellulose was obtained from unbleached and bleached pulp through a mechanical and TEMPO pretreatment. Crystalline and chemical structure, surface microstructure, UV and gas barrier, optical, mechanical and antioxidant properties, as well as thermal stability were evaluated. Regarding optical properties, the UV barrier was increased from 6% for the pure PVA film to 50% and 24% for unbleached and bleached nanocellulose, respectively. The antioxidant capacity increased significantly in unbleached mechanical nanocellulose-films (5.3%) compared to pure PVA film (1.7%). In terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the 5% unbleached mechanical nanocellulose films was significantly improved compared to the pure PVA film. Similarly, the 5% nanocellulose films had increased the thermal stability and improved barrier properties, reducing water vapor permeability by 38–59% and presenting an oxygen barrier comparable to aluminum layer and plastic films. Our results support the use of the developed films as a green alternative material for food packaging