Structure formation features of large block-shaped samples from the copper and aluminum alloy produced by the wire-feed electron-beam additive technology

In this work the study of the structure of samples made by the wire-feed electronbeam 3D printing from copper C11000 and aluminum alloy AA5056 was carried out. The presence of a dendritic structure typical of this method was revealed, as well as the presence of pores, cracks and other defects that occurred during printing. Mechanical properties of samples cut in the planar section are at a rather low level. The ultimate tensile strength of copper block samples varies between 165 and 187 MPa. The relative elongation of samples without pores is at 18%, but with the presence of pores it decreases sharply to 7%, while the strength is practically not decreased. The samples of alloy AA5056 demonstrate slightly higher mechanical properties: the strength is at the level of 190-192 MPa and the relative elongation is about 16-18%. In samples with defects such as large pores or discontinuities, the strength drops to almost zero

Thermodynamic properties of myo-inositol

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd In the present work, the temperature dependence of heat capacity of vitamin B8 (myo-inositol) has been measured for the first time over the range from 8 K to 340 K by precision adiabatic vacuum calorimetry. Based on the experimental data, the thermodynamic functions of the vitamin B8, namely, the heat capacity, enthalpy H°(T)–H°(0), entropy S°(T)–S°(0) and Gibbs function G°(T)–H°(0) have been determined for the range from T → 0 K to 340 K. The value of the fractal dimension D in the function of multifractal generalization of Debye's theory of the heat capacity of solids was estimated and the character of heterodynamics of structure was detected. The enthalpy of combustion (−2747.0 ± 2.1) kJ·mol−1 of the vitamin B8 was measured for the first time using high-precision combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation in the crystalline state (−1329.3 ± 2.3) kJ·mol−1 of B8 at 298.15 K was derived from the combustion experiments. Using combination of the adiabatic and combustion calorimetry results the thermodynamic functions of formation of the myo-inositol at T = 298.15 K and p = 0.1 MPa have been calculated. The low-temperature X-ray diffraction was used for the determination of coefficients of thermal expansion

Using topological data analysis for building Bayesan neural networks

For the first time, a simplified approach to constructing Bayesian neural networks is proposed, combining computational efficiency with the ability to analyze the learning process. The proposed approach is based on Bayesianization of a deterministic neural network by randomizing parameters only at the interface level, i.e., the formation of a Bayesian neural network based on a given network by replacing its parameters with probability distributions that have the parameters of the original model as the average value. Evaluations of the efficiency metrics of the neural network were obtained within the framework of the approach under consideration, and the Bayesian neural network constructed through variation inference were performed using topological data analysis methods. The Bayesianization procedure is implemented through graded variation of the randomization intensity. As an alternative, two neural networks with identical structure were used — deterministic and classical Bayesian networks. The input of the neural network was supplied with the original data of two datasets in versions without noise and with added Gaussian noise. The zero and first persistent homologies for the embeddings of the formed neural networks on each layer were calculated. To assess the quality of classification, the accuracy metric was used. It is shown that the barcodes for embeddings on each layer of the Bayesianized neural network in all four scenarios are between the corresponding barcodes of the deterministic and Bayesian neural networks for both zero and first persistent homologies. In this case, the deterministic neural network is the lower bound, and the Bayesian neural network is the upper bound. It is shown that the structure of data associations within a Bayesianized neural network is inherited from a deterministic model, but acquires the properties of a Bayesian one. It has been experimentally established that there is a relationship between the normalized persistent entropy calculated on neural network embeddings and the accuracy of the neural network. For predicting accuracy, the topology of embeddings on the middle layer of the neural network model turned out to be the most revealing. The proposed approach can be used to simplify the construction of a Bayesian neural network from an already trained deterministic neural network, which opens up the possibility of increasing the accuracy of an existing neural network without ensemble with additional classifiers. It becomes possible to proactively evaluate the effectiveness of the generated neural network on simplified data without running it on a real dataset, which reduces the resource intensity of its development

Thermodynamic properties of methylprednisolone aceponate

© 2016 Elsevier LtdIn the present work, temperature dependence of heat capacity of methylprednisolone aceponate has been measured for the first time over the range from 7 K to 346 K by precision adiabatic vacuum calorimetry. Based on the experimental results, the thermodynamic functions of the methylprednisolone aceponate, namely, the heat capacity, enthalpy H°(T)−H°(0), entropy S°(T)−S°(0) and Gibbs function G°(T)−H°(0) have been determined for the range from T/K → 0–333. The enthalpy of combustion (−14304.4 ± 9.1) kJ·mol−1 of the methylprednisolone aceponate was determined for the first time using high-precision combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation in the crystalline state (−1465.3 ± 9.8) kJ·mol−1 of compound at 298.15 K was derived from the combustion experiments. Using a combination of the adiabatic and combustion calorimetry results the thermodynamic functions of formation of the folic acid dihydrate at T = 298.15 K and p = 0.1 MPa have been calculated

Comprehensive thermodynamic study of methylprednisolone

© 2016 Elsevier LtdIn the present work the temperature dependence of heat capacity for methylprednisolone has been measured for the first time over the temperature range from 6 to 350 K using by precision adiabatic vacuum calorimetry. Based on the experimental data, the thermodynamic functions of the methylprednisolone, namely, the heat capacity, enthalpy H°(T) − H°(0), entropy S°(T) − S°(0) and Gibbs function G°(T) − H°(0) have been evaluated from the experimental values for the range from T → 0 to 350 K. Standard molar enthalpy of combustion (−11898.9 ± 6.7) kJ·mol−1 of the methylprednisolone was measured for the first time using high-precision combustion calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation in the crystalline state (−1045.8 ± 7.3) kJ·mol−1 of compound at 298.15 K was derived from the combustion experiments. The standard molar enthalpy of sublimation at 298.15 K (194.5 ± 2.2) kJ·mol−1 was measured by using the quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). Using combination of the adiabatic and combustion calorimetry with the result from QCM, the thermodynamic functions of the methylprednisolone at T = 298.15 K and p = 0.1 MPa have been calculated

РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ ОТНОШЕНИЙ МЕЖДУ ЗАКАЗЧИКОМ И ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЕМ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ОБОРОННОГО ЗАКАЗА

Below is the original author's method of assessment of financial and economic sustainability of enterprises-performers of the state defense order. This method takes into account the financial and economic performance of the enterprise. The proposed comprehensive indicator of financial and economic sustainability can be used by the state customer at the stage of analyzing the possibility of the state contract execution by potential contractors.Предложен оригинальный авторский метод оценки финансово-экономической устойчивости предприятий – исполнителей государственного оборонного заказа. Метод учитывает финансовые и экономические показатели деятельности предприятия. Предлагаемый комплексный показатель оценки финансово-экономической устойчивости может быть использован государственным заказчиком на этапе анализа возможностей выполнения государственного контракта потенциальными исполнителями

Эндоскопическая дифференциальная диагностика гастритоподобной формы первичных неходжкинских лимфом и нейроэндокринных опухолей желудка

Background. The gastritis-like form of primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) of the stomach is the rarest macroscopic variant of malignant neoplasms of the stomach, endoscopically resembling inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane and, in single observations, polypoid and flatly elevated forms of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of the stomach. Despite the great experience gained in the diagnosis and treatment of primary NHL of the stomach and NET of the stomach, in clinical practice there are examples that cause difficulties in the correct interpretation of the endoscopic picture and the timely diagnosis.Aims. To analyze the data of a comprehensive endoscopic examination of patients with diagnoses of a gastritis-like form of primary NHL and NET of the stomach, and to identify the main differentially significant endoscopic criteria characteristic of each individual type of neoplasia.Materials and methods. In a prospective study conducted at the FSBI “N.N. Blokhin national medical Research Center of Oncology” of the ministry of Health of Russia in the period from 2017 to 2022, data from endoscopic and morphological studies of 69 patients with gastritis-like malignancies were analyzed. All patients underwent a comprehensive endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract – esophagogastroduodenoscopy using all clarifying examination methods (narrow-spectrum mode, examination in magnification mode, a combination of narrow-spectrum examination with magnification mode), accompanied by the taking of biopsy material for the purpose of morphological verification of the diagnosis, and endosonographic study.Results. According to the results of a morphological study, the diagnosis of primary NHL of the stomach was confirmed in 38 patients (55.1 %), NET of the stomach – in 31 patients (44.9 %). A change in diagnosis based on the results of a morphological study occurred in 3 (4.3 %) of 69 (100 %) patients. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of complex endoscopic examination were higher compared to endoscopic examination in white light mode, and amounted to 92.11, 95.65 and 13.16 %, 52.17 %, respectively.Conclusion. for a correct assessment of the endoscopic picture, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive endoscopic examination using all clarifying diagnostic methods, which shows greater sensitivity and specificity compared to examination in white light mode.Введение. Гастритоподобная форма первичных неходжкинских лимфом (НХЛ) желудка является наиболее редко встречающимся макроскопическим вариантом злокачественных новообразований желудка, по эндоскопической картине напоминающим воспалительные изменения слизистой оболочки и в единичных случаях – полиповидную и плосковозвышающуюся формы нейроэндокринных опухолей (НЭО) желудка. Несмотря на большой накопленный опыт в диагностике и лечении первичных НХЛ и НЭО желудка, в клинической практике встречаются примеры, вызывающие сложности в правильной интерпретации эндоскопической картины и своевременной установке диагноза.Цели – проанализировать данные комплексного эндоскопического исследования пациентов с диагнозами «гастритоподобная форма первичных НХЛ» и «НЭО желудка» и выявить основные дифференциально-значимые эндоскопические критерии, характерные для каждого отдельного типа неоплазий.Материалы и методы. В проспективном исследовании, проведенном на базе ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Минздрава России в период с 2017 по 2022 год, были проанализированы данные эндоскопического и морфологического исследований 69 пациентов с гастритоподобными злокачественными новообразованиями. Всем пациентам было выполнено комплексное эндоскопическое исследование верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта – эзофагогастродуоденоскопия – с применением всех уточняющих методов осмотра (узкоспектральный режим, осмотр в режиме увеличения, сочетание узкоспектрального осмотра с режимом увеличения), сопровождающееся взятием биопсийного материала с целью морфологической верификации диагноза, и эндосонографическое исследование.Результаты. По результатам морфологического исследования диагноз «первичная НХЛ желудка» был подтвержден у 38 пациентов (55,1 %), НЭО желудка – у 31 пациента (44,9 %). Изменение диагноза по результатам морфологического исследования произошло у 3 (4,3 %) из 69 пациентов. чувствительность, специфичность и диагностическая точность комплексного эндоскопического исследования были выше по сравнению с эндоскопическим осмотром в режиме белого света и составили 92,11; 100; 95,65 % и 13,16; 100; 52,17 % соответственно.Выводы. Для корректной оценки эндоскопической картины обязательно проведение комплексного эндоскопического исследования с применением всех уточняющих методов диагностики, показывающего бо́льшую чувствительность и специфичность по сравнению с осмотром в режиме белого света

Impact of symptoms of eating disorders on the risk of gastrointestinal diseases

The aim of the study - to study the risk of comorbidity of gastrointestinal diseases with eating disordersЦель исследования - изучить влияние симптомов РПП на риск возникновения заболеваний желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ)

АНАЛИЗ И ОЦЕНКА РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ФИНАНСОВО-ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ДЛЯ МИНИМИЗАЦИИ НАЛОГОВЫХ РИСКОВ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ

Below is the original author's approach to the companies' tax risks valuation based on the comparison of the tax and financial statements. Algorithm of the tax risks identification based on the criteria settled by the note of the Federal Tax Authority of Russian Federation from 17.07.2013 №АС-4-2/12722 "About tax authorities committees operation on legalisation of the tax base" is described. Model of the companies classification by tax risks based on the tax burden and specific cash flow is provided.Представлен оригинальный авторский подход к оценке налоговых рисков организаций, который основан на сопоставлении налоговой и бухгалтерской отчетности. Описан алгоритм выявления налоговых рисков по критериям, установленным письмом ФНС РФ от 17.07.2013 г. № АС-4-2/12722 «О работе комиссий налоговых органов по легализации налоговой базы». Представлена модель классификации организаций по налоговым рискам на основе сравнения налоговой нагрузки и удельного денежного потока