BREXIT: How to Shape Britain’s New Rela-tionship with the European Union

On June 23, 2016 Britain voted to leave the EU, since then the public and government have struggled to understand the implications and formulate a plan for the future. With the formal exit date fast approaching, how the UK-EU relationship will be shaped is still unclear. It is important for the UK to formally establish its positions for its future relationship with the EU or risk damaging its relationship. Currently the UK is seeking to ensure its sovereignty while retaining its trade relationship with the EU. Given the intertwined nature between the two entities, this unprecedented move provides no simple or easy solution. It is suggested that the UK take the following actions to ensure a new, productive relationship with the EU

The Association between Caffeine Intake and the Colonic Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiota in Humans—A Preliminary Investigation

We examined the association between caffeine and coffee intake and the community composition and structure of colonic microbiota. A total of 34 polyp-free adults donated 97 colonic biopsies. Microbial DNA was sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene V4 region. The amplicon sequence variant was assigned using DADA2 and SILVA. Food consumption was ascertained using a food frequency questionnaire. We compared the relative abundance of taxonomies by low (p values (q values) p Faecalibacterium and Alistipes, and lower relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium (q values Erysipelatoclostridium count and caffeine intake remained statistically significant. Our preliminary study could not evaluate other prebiotics in coffee