Acrylamide Mitigation in Fried Kochchi Kesel Chips Using Free and Immobilized Fungal Asparaginase

Akrilamid nastaje prilikom prženja hrane na visokim temperaturama. Prehrambeni tehnolozi neprestano razvijaju nove metode kojima bi se učinkovito smanjilo njegovo nastajanje u prženoj hrani. U ovom su radu kriške banane sorte kochchi kesel prije prženja tretirane asparaginazom iz plijesni Aspergillus terreus radi smanenja količine akrilamida nastale tijekom prženja. Uvjeti namakanja i prženja optimirani su pomoću slobodne asparaginaze i asparaginaze imobilizirane na kitozanu, te je utvrđeno da je optimalna temperatura namakanja bila 60 °C, a optimalno trajanje procesa 20 min. Optimalna aktivnost slobodne i imobilizirane asparaginaze bila je 5 U/mL, a optimalna temperatura prženja 180 °C tijekom 25 min. Maseni udjel akrilamida nakon prženja uz prethodnu obradu slobodnom asparaginazom bio je 1866 µg/kg, dok je nakon obrade imobiliziranom asparaginazom bio 954 µg/kg. Ispitani su i kinetički i termodinamički parametri smanjenja udjela akrilamida u čipsu od banane pomoću enzima. Zaključeno je da je prethodna obrada kriški banane asparaginazom imobiliziranom na kitozanu učinkovita metoda smanjenja udjela akrilamida u prženoj hrani.Acrylamide is formed when food products are fried at high temperature. Food researchers are constantly working on developing efficient methods for mitigating acrylamide in fried foods. In the present study, asparaginase from Aspergillus terreus was used for the pretreatment of kochchi kesel banana slices before frying to mitigate acrylamide formation during frying. The soaking and frying conditions were optimized using free and chitosan-immobilized asparaginase. The optimal soaking temperature and time were found to be 60 °C and 20 min, respectively. The optimal activity of free and chitosan-immobilized asparaginase was found to be 5 U/mL. The optimal frying temperature and time for both free and chitosan-immobilized asparaginase were found to be 180 °C for 25 min with an acrylamide mass fraction of 1866 and 954 µg/kg, respectively. The kinetics and thermodynamics of enzymatic mitigation of acrylamide in kochchi kesel chips were also studied. It was concluded that the chitosan-immobilized asparaginase pretreatment of kochchi kesel slices is an effective method for mitigation of acrylamide

Chlorella biomass as a potential source of algal oil: Investigations on optimization of ultrasonic assisted extraction, kinetics and characterization of algal oil

The creation of renewable and affordable alternative energy is required due to the growing need for sustainable energy. In this present research work, algal oil has been extracted from microalgae biomass of Chlorella vulgaris using the Soxhlet apparatus. The algal biomass is ultrasonically pretreated to disrupt the cell walls of Chlorella sp. A total of five homogeneous solvent extractions are performed. As a result, the use of chloroform and isopropanol showed higher algal oil yields of 10.8% and 9.1%, respectively. Therefore, heterogeneous solvent approaches have been used in different volume ratios (5:1 to 1:5) to improve the yield of algal oil. Accordingly, the findings demonstrated that as compared to homogeneous solvents, the use of heterogeneous solvents shows better yield of algal oil from Chlorella sp. biomass. A maximum bio-oil yield of 12.3% was obtained using chloroform and isopropanol at a ratio of 3:3. To improve the extraction yields of algal oil, various parameters were optimized. The optimized parameters include 20 min of ultrasonication time, 3:1 ratio of solvent to biomass, temperature of 50℃, and an extraction period of 90 min. Further, extracted algal oil is characterised using GC-MS, and the results shows the presence of octadecanoic acid in the extracted algal oil. GC-MS analysis of the extracted edalgal oil has shown the suitability of the oil for transesterification reaction for the production of fatty acid methyl esters

Contemporary approaches towards augmentation of distinctive heterogeneous catalyst for sustainable biodiesel production

In recent times, demand for energy has significantly increased due to the depletion of fossil fuels and the fast-industrial revolution. This has created a wide space for the development of sustainable and renewable energy sources. Biodiesel has attained exceptional contemplation among other biofuels due to the use of renewable and low-cost resources. Selection of suitable catalyst plays a vital role in biodiesel production by a catalytic transesterification reaction. Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts are most preferred as they have high selectivity and stability with increased biodiesel yield. Heterogeneous catalyst has made incredible development in biodiesel production under mild operating conditions and has less impact on the environment. Nanocatalysts are the effective heterogeneous catalyst, which has brought a tremendous revolution in biodiesel production in recent years. Thus, present review provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of heterogeneous catalyst, importance and challenges associated in biodiesel production

Process optimization, economic and environmental analysis of biodiesel production from food waste using a citrus fruit peel biochar catalyst

The concept of sustainably reusing food waste to produce value-added byproducts, such as biodiesel, was studied. Food waste is an organic-rich source of lipids. An optimization study of the extraction of oil from food waste using a solvent for biodiesel production was undertaken. A biochar catalyst derived from citron (Citrus medica) peel containing a rich carbon source. A biodiesel yield of 96.3% was obtained under the optimized reaction conditions of a 1:10 oil to methanol molar ratio, 4 w% catalyst loading, reaction temperature of 55 degrees C, and a reaction time of 52 min. The conditions were optimized by response surface methodology with a central composite design. The biochar catalyst maintained a significant biodiesel yield for four cycles. This technoeconomic analysis found that the annual plant revenue was $24,140,000 for a project lifetime of 20 years, the payback time was 3.16 years, the internal rate of return after tax was 39.92$55,017,000. A minimum biodiesel selling price of 0.46 $/kg was used, and the environmental sustainability of the produced biodiesel was assessed by a life cycle assessment. The impact of global warming potential on the FW-based biodiesel scenario was -3.967 kg CO2 equivalent.11Nsciescopu

Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts: Technology, Advances, Life Cycle Assessment and Economics

Refining Biomass Residues for Sustainable Energy and Bioproducts: Technology, Advances, Life Cycle Assessment and Economics is a one-stop reference on the biorefinery of various kinds of residue and waste feedstock for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals. Written by a team of global experts, this book introduces the concept of integrated biorefinery systems for waste management, as well as their operation and feedstock sourcing. It explores the specificities, current developments and potential end-products of various types of residue, from industrial and municipal, to agricultural and marine, also discussing residue from food industries. Finally, global case studies examine successful experiences in different regions. Practitioners and consultants in the biorefinery, bioenergy and biochemicals sector, as well as those working on waste management will benefit from this book's well-structured content on the types of waste they may encounter, their processing and pre-processing requirements, possible end-products, and cost and sustainability aspects

Recent Advances in Conversion of Glycerol: A Byproduct of Biodiesel Production to Glycerol Carbonate

Owing to erupted ecological concerns and escalated energy consumption, biodiesel produced by transesterifying nonedible and used cooking oils has been acknowledged as a viable source of clean and sustainable energy, alternative to fossil fuels. This transesterification process led to an excessive supply of glycerol as the primary byproduct which can then be transformed into value-added derivatives, primarily glycerol carbonate (GC), thereby drawing attention to its potential use in industrial applications. Although several methods for synthesis of GC utilize glycerol as building block, the transesterification approach using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is the most effective route implementing safer and greener reaction conditions. This review is focused on different types of heterogeneous catalysts and characterization techniques used for identifying and deactivating those catalysts, covering the literature from the last decade to till date on this topic. Potent applications of GC as a versatile compound are elucidated in brief. Finally, a conclusion, outlook, and author’s perspective have been provided in brief