Energy Use and its Efficiency in Tamil Nadu Agriculture: A Case Study of Different Groundwater Development Regions in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu

The study has revealed that over-exploitation of groundwater has effected drastic changes in energy input-use and energy output produced across the regions in Coimbatore district and the Tamil Nadu state. Energy equivalent values have been used for various direct sources of energy (human, animal and mechanical power), indirect sources (fertilizers, pesticides, manures), commercial, non-commercial, renewable and non-renewable energy sources to analyse the economics of energy usage in the agricultural production process in the two different groundwater development regions of the Coimbatore district. Energy inputs usage has been found very high in groundwater less-exploited area of Perur in paddy and cotton crops. For the coconut crop, Palladam block has shown consumption of more energy-inputs. Energy output-input ratios for paddy, coconut and cotton have been reported as 0.85, 29.35 and 0.09 in Perur region and 0.76, 13.20 and 0.09 in Palladam region. The energy efficiency has been observed higher in coconut crop among crops and in Perur among regions. Not much difference has been observed in gross value of output per MJ of energy input in paddy and cotton crops among groundwater severely-exploited and less exploited regions.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

A Study on Evolving Optimal Cropping Patterns in Groundwater Over-exploited Region of Perambalur District of Tamil Nadu

Falling groundwater tables and depletion of economically accessible groundwater resources would have major social and economic consequences. The present study has been taken up with the overall objective of evolving optimal crop plans to sustain the use of groundwater resources for irrigation. Perambalur district was purposively selected for the study as it mainly depends on groundwater for its irrigation. Linear programming technique was used to evolve optimal crop plans. The constraints identified were primarily irrigation water, besides land availability during the cultivating seasons and capital. Six typical farms were selected, one each for the open well, wells in tank command area and tubewell-irrigated farms in critical and over-exploited groundwater regime and also for semi-critical and safe groundwater regime. The results of the optimal crop plans derived showed that the irrigation water-use in the critical period could be reduced by 24.30, 4.54 and 51.71 hours of pumping in ordinary wells, wells in tank command area and tubewell-irrigated farms, respectively in critical and over-exploited groundwater regime sample farms. In the semi-critical and safe groundwater regime sample farms, the optimal crop plans revealed that the irrigation water-use in the critical period could be reduced by 4.61, 3.99, and 4.73 hours of pumping in ordinary wells, wells in tank command area and tubewell-irrigated farms, respectively. Area under high water intensive crops namely, paddy and sugarcane declined almost in all the optimal crop plans. Area under low water intensive crops (groundnut, gingelly and tapioca) showed an increasing trend in all optimal crop plans. The net income of the sample farms increased marginally or considerably in the optimal crop plans of both the critical and overexploited groundwater regime sample farms and semi-critical and the safe groundwater regime sample farmsAgricultural and Food Policy,

Localised Laryngeal Amyloidosis Endoscopic Excision -A Case Report

Abstract:We report a case of primary laryngeal amyloidosis in a 35 year old adult patient who presented with hoarseness of voice for 6 months duration with no other symptoms. Patient was treated successfully with endoscopic excision using a microdebrider with a laryngeal blade and review of literature.Keywords: laryngeal amyloid .  Endoscopy . Debrider

Opportunistic Routing with Minimum Latency for MANETs with Intermittent Link Failures

広島大学先進理工系科学研究科 2022年度 修士論

INVESTIGATION INTO THE PERFORMANCE OF GAS TURBINE IN COGENERATION PLANT

Gas Turbine plays a major role in power plant especially in cogeneration system which consists of Combined Heat and Power Plant (CHP) and also Gas District Cooling plant (GDC). The main problem that a gas turbine engine encounter is that of efficiency, and one of the ways to overcome this is by increasing the performance of the engine itself before its waste (exhaust) being utilized through cogeneration system. Efficiency of a gas turbine is rated from 23 % to 33 %, and the rest are loses of the system and it being a waste through the exhaust. Cogeneration system has been introduced to improve the efficiency which actually can increase the whole system’s efficiency from 75 % to 85 %. By knowing the factors that leads and affect the engines performance, the percentage of performance can be increased. In this paper the performance of the gas turbine in cogeneration system, will be discussed. This paper will also discuss on the methods to calculate the performance of a gas turbine’s engine which consist of temperature in every stage, chemical reaction due to combustion reaction and fuel composition, engine exhaust flow (expandation) and also the output of the overall engine part. Keywords-component; Gas turbine, Cogeneration, Efficiency, Performance, Exhaus

Using Energy Consumption Metrics to Make Machine-Learning Models Energy Optimal

Smart computing devices continue to increase in popularity, availability, and functionality. A smart computing device, such as a security camera, collects or senses information and processes that information. In processing the information, the smart computing device engages in machine-learning processes to make inferences or predictions based on the collected information. Hardware components, energy resources, and even the environment in which the smart computing device resides affect the capability of the smart computing device to process the collected information and make the inferences or predictions. Tracking and optimizing energy consumption can increase the efficiency and efficacy of smart computing devices. Energy consumption can be optimized by dynamically adjusting the sensing protocols or information collection capabilities of the smart computing device or by dynamically adjusting the machine-learning processes executed by the smart computing device

Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Midazolam versus Nitrous Oxide as Sedative Agents during Paediatric Dental Treatment: A Systematic Review

Objective: To identify and study the existing literature on the efficacy and safety of midazolam compared to inhalation of nitrous oxide in children undergoing dental treatment. Material and Methods: Electronic resources such as PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Lilacs, Science Direct, and SIGLE were thoroughly searched. The title scan was used to find randomised controlled trials reviewed for inclusion by reading the abstract. Studies comparing the sedative, behavioural, and anxiolytic effects and safety in children undergoing dental treatment under midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation were included. The Cochrane Reviews system software, Revman 5.4.1, was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Results: 11328 articles were identified by screening the electronic databases, of which 10906 were eliminated after titles were read and duplicates were removed. Ten full-text articles were examined, of which three were excluded as they did not match the eligibility criteria. Hence, a total of 7 studies were included. Midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation were not statistically different in terms of the success of treatment and behaviour modification. However, midazolam showed a deeper level of sedation and resulted in amnesia in more children when compared to nitrous oxide sedation. All of the included studies were found to have a high risk of bias. Conclusion: Though all the studies included showed an increased risk of bias, midazolam and nitrous oxide inhalation seem equally effective sedative agents for controlling behaviour in children undergoing dental treatment. Midazolam shows a deeper sedation level when given orally and produces a higher rate of anterograde amnesia

DRUG DISCOVERY: AN APPRAISAL

The process of drug discovery and development has undergone radical changes over the years. Introduction of several novel technologies in genomics, proteomics and other omics areas have enabled drug target identification and validation more specific. In silico virtual screening and other computational chemistry methods like QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) and QSPR (Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship) have enabled the emergence of new drugs with minimal toxicity and higher efficacy in this post-genomics era. Moreover, initiative like Open Source Drug Discovery (OSDD) is playing a promising role in accelerating the pace of drug discovery process. Better understanding of these methods and initiatives by researchers will kindle interest towards adopting it. Hence, by this review, we intend to present a comprehensive view of overall transition and modernization of the drug discovery process and it's impacts on the scientific community.Â

Differential expression of Zymomonas mobilis sucrase genes (sacB and sacC) in Escherichia coli and sucrase mutants of Zymomonas mobilis

The sacB and sacC genes encoding levansucrase and extracellular sucrase respectively were independently subcloned in pBluescript (high copy number) and in Z. mobilis-E. coli shuttle vector, pZA22 (low copy number). The expression of these genes were compared under identical background of E. coli and Z. mobilis host. The level of sacB gene expression in E. coli was almost ten fold less than the expression of sacC gene, irrespective of the growth medium or the host strain. In Z. mobilis the expression of sacB and sacC genes was shown to be subject to carbon source dependent regulation. The transcript of sacB and sacC was three fold higher in cells grown on sucrose than in cells grown on glucose/fructose. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcript levels of sacC was approximately 2-3 times higher than that of sacB. These results suggested that the expression of sacC gene was more pronounced than sacB

QoS based Effective and Efficient Selection of Web Service and Retrieval of Search Information

Web services are integrated software components for the support of interoperable machine to machine interaction over a network. Web services have been widely employed for building service-oriented applications in both industry and academia in recent years. The number of publicly available Web services is steadily increasing on the Internet. However, this proliferation makes it hard for a user to select a proper Web service among a large amount of service candidates. An inappropriate service selection may cause many problems to the resulting applications. In this paper, a novel collaborative filtering-based Web service recommender system is proposed to help the users and select services with optimal QoS performance. Our recommender system employ an effective and efficient selection of web services and relevant retrieval of information and makes personalized service recommendation to users based on the clustering results. Compared with existing service recommendation methods, the proposed approach achieves considerable improvement on the recommendation accuracy and the QoS performance metrics adopted in this paper shows the better accuracy and relevant web services