Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic disorder associated with multiple oculocutaneous and neurological manifestations. It occurs due to deficiency of the enzymes responsible for repairing ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage. Persistence of un-repaired DNA results in somatic mutations, leading to neoplasia of the skin and ocular surface. As this condition is rare, only isolated case reports of XP with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) are found in literature

Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid

Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid is a very rare, slow growing tumor arising from the meibomian glands. In contrast to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma which arise frequently from the lower lid, sebaceous carcinoma arises from the upper lid where meibomian glands are more numerous. We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma in an elderly lady who presented with a slow growing tumor in the lateral third of the lower lid, without any lymp node metastasis. The tumor was treated by wide excision and the eyelid was reconstructed by Tenzel semilunar flap

Pleomorphic adenoma of the eyelid: A case report

Chondroid syringoma or pleomorphic adenoma of the skin is a rare tumor arising from the eccrine glands. It is an asymptomatic slow growing tumor. We report a case of chondroid syringoma of the lower eyelid margin and lateral canthus in a middle-aged man, which was excised. The lid was reconstructed by lateral cantholysis and advancement flap for lid reconstruction. A possible diagnosis of chondroid syringoma should be borne in mind when solitary, firm tumors of the lid are presented

Resolution of total ophthalmoplegia following treatment in a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A case report

Total ophthalmoplegia can occur due to malignancy, inflammation, infection, and trauma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a tumor arising from epithelium of nasopharynx which can spread locally as well as metastasize to distant sites. We report a case of total ophthalmoplegia in a 15-year-old girl which resolved following chemotherapy. She was diagnosed as stage IV B nasopharyngeal carcinoma with left-sided intraorbital extension leading to proptosis and total ophthalmoplegia with preserved optic nerve function. Following 2 months of chemotherapy, a reduction in the size of cervical lymph nodes, proptosis, and total resolution of extraocular movements was noted

Role of Outreach Camps in Reducing the Burden of Cataracts in South India

Aim: To establish the efficacy of rural outreach programme in reducing blindness caused by cataract by comparative analysis of visual outcome. Materials and Methods: Records of patients attending outreach camps conducted during 10 years i.e., 2001-02 to 2010-11 were studied. The total number of patients attending the camp and those who were detected to have visually significant cataract were noted. Similarly, the number of patients attending the outpatient department of the department of Ophthalmology and the number detected with visually significant cataract were noted. Data was tabulated and analyzed. Result: Out of 1, 16,615 patients visiting the outpatient department during those ten years, 3,014 were detected to have cataract (2.58%). 744 camps were conducted during the period of ten years, screening 60,086 patients and 6711 (11.17%) of them were detected to have cataract and were operated. These results were statistically significant. Conclusions: High numbers of cataracts were detected in the rural parts of South India with the help of outreach camps, while compared to tertiary care centres. They were given treatment in the form of cataract extraction and implantation of intraocular lens. Hence, conducting outreach camps forms an integral part in decreasing the visual morbidity due to cataract

Case series of central retinal artery occlusion in COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis

Rhino orbital Mucormycosis caused by filamentous fungus of mucoraceae family was considered a rare disease affecting immunocompromised and diabetics with ketoacidosis until the recent COVID 19 pandemic. We are presenting a series of six cases of Rhino orbital cerebral Mucormycosis with central retinal artery occlusion. All six cases had common history of COVID 19 infection in recent past with sinusitis, proptosis and total ophthalmoplegia with central retinal artery occlusion on presentation. MR imaging showed invasive pan sinusitis with orbital and cerebral involvement. Urgent debridement was done and histopathological examination showed broad, filamentous aseptate fungi suggestive of Mucormycosis. All patients inspite of intravenous Amphotericin B with local debridement did not show any improvement and expired within a week of presentation. Hence our study shows poor prognosis of post covid 19 associated Mucormycosis with central retinal artery occlusion

Attempted autoenucleation: Was not a Greek tragedy!

Autoenucleation, also known as oedipism, is one of the most horrifying forms of self-mutilation frequently reported in literature. This is a case report of a 28-year-old schizophrenic man who autoenucleated his right eye. On examination, globe was luxated, his conjunctiva was lacerated superiorly with Tenon's prolapse, and he had a subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ocular movements were restricted in all positions of gaze. The eye could not be pushed back under general anesthesia. A lateral canthotomy was performed and the lids were sutured along the gray line after forcibly pushing the eye into the orbit. The patient was given intravenous antibiotics and steroids. Antipsychotic medications were restarted. After 1 month, the patient again tried to self-enucleate and was brought to the hospital. The globe was in situ with almost normal ocular movements. This report emphasizes the need to salvage the eye, even in worst of the cases