Special features of corporate budget planning: Contemporary approach

The purpose of this article was to study budgeting process from the point of its structure, analyze the Russian and European models of budget plannin

Pairing of applicants’ CJM with university profile in digital environment as a management task

The work is devoted to the application of the Customer Journey Map (CJM) for university applicants and managerial tasks of adapting the profile of the university in the digital environment to the trajectories of the consumer. The author’s definition of the “profile of the university in the digital environment” concept is offered, the analysis of statistical data of university websites is made. The combination of classical studies of applicants’ motivation and factors influencing enrollment in a particular university with modern methods of studying consumer behavior in the digital environment allows to increase the effectiveness of the admission campaign. Customer Journey Map as an analysis tool, in conjunction with the data of network traffic allows to optimize all types of communications of the university and provide its management with necessary information when making managerial decisions. The research revealed an insignificant influence of the university social networks and thematic groups on the decision to enroll to a particular university, which what caused a deeper study of visitors’ behavior on the university websites. Internet traffic activity for a number of universities was assessed as direct requests, through search services, social networks, mail servers, as well as through referral links, and advertising traffic. The study showed that search engines and direct queries gave the maximum value for traffic. But the effectiveness of advertising to attract applicants is rather low, which indicates the insignificant role of university advertising and confirms the data of the survey in the construction of the Customer Journey Map

THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF HOT-PRESSED p-TYPE Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 SOLID SOLUTION

It is shown that thermoelectric energy conversion which gives the possibility for utilizing a low potential heat is one of the ways for adoption of energy-saving technologies; and semiconductor materials with p-type and n-type conductivities having high thermoelectric figure of merit are necessary for operation of thermoelectric generators. The paper deals with possibility of usage of the p-Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 solid solution (with a nanostructured modification) as a couple for the well studied thermoelectric material based on n-Mg2Si-Mg2Sn. A technological scheme for fabrication of heavily doped Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 solid solution of p-type by hot pressing from nanopowder is developed. The given technology has made it possible to reduce duration of a homogeneous material fabrication and has improved its physical and chemical properties. The samples were made by three ways: direct fusion for polycrystals fabrication; hot pressing from microparticles; nanostructuring, i.e. hot pressing from nanoparticles. By X-ray diffraction it is shown that sizes of structural elements in the fabricated samples are about 40 nm. The probe technique is used for measurement of electric conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. The stationary absolute method is used for measurement of thermal conductivity. Thermoelectric figure of merit is defined by measured values of kinetic coefficients in the temperatures range of 77 – 800 K. It was demonstrated, that electric conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and the power factor do not depend practically on a way of solid solution preparation. Thermal conductivity of samples pressed from nanoparticles has appeared to be higher, than of samples, obtained by direct fusion; i.e. in this case nanostructuring has not led to increase of thermoelectric figure of merit. The conclusion is drawn, that polycrystalline semiconductor Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 can be used as a p-branch for a thermoelectric generator though nanostructuring has not led to the figure of merit growth. The assumption is made, that thermoelectric figure of merit improvement can be expected at the further reduction of the nanograins size

Diagnosis and rational treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an interdisciplinary expert consensus

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impairing well-being, quality of life and functioning of patients. The prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the Russian Federation ranges from 0.1% to 67.2% in type 1 and from 0.1 to 42.4% in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, based on the large-scale epidemiological studies, the true prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy is much higher (50 to 70%), with its painful variant occurring in 16% to 30% of patients. Despite the fact that diabetic peripheral neuropathy remains the most common chronic complication of diabetes mellitus, its diagnosis and therapy leave much to be desired. To optimize diagnostic and treatment approaches to painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, a group of experts representing the leading Russian professional medical associations has developed clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and rational therapy of patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This document presents practical aspects of the clinical diagnosis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and an algorithm for differential diagnosis of pain in the lower extremities in patients with diabetes mellitus. The use of symptomatic analgesics with central action, such as anticonvulsants, antidepressants and opioids, is based on the main aspects of neuropathic pain pathophysiology. The characteristics of each drug class are given, with consideration of evidence on their efficacy, tolerability, and the possibility of combination therapy. The data on the first, second, and third lines of agents is presented in accordance with several international clinical guidelines. The need for a tailored drug choice, taking into account the evidence-based data on their efficacy and safety, concomitant drug therapy, tolerability, cost and preferences of the patient, age of the patient and concomitant disorders, is emphasized