A class of adaptive directional image smoothing filters

Cataloged from PDF version of article.The gray level distribution around a pixel of an image usually tends to be more coherent in some directions compared to other directions. The idea of adaptive directional filtering is to estimate the direction of higher coherence around each pixel location and then to employ a window which approximates aline segment in that direction. Hence, the details of the image may be preserved while maintaining a satisfactory level of noise suppression performance. In this paper we describe a class of adaptive directional image smoothing filters based on generalized Gaussian distributions. We propose a measure of spread for the pixel values based on the maximum likelihood estimate of a scale parameter involved in the generalized Gaussian distribution. Several experimental results indicate a significant improvement compared to some standard filters. Copyright (C) 1996 Pattern Recognition Society

On a parameter estimation method for Gibbs-Markov random fields

Cataloged from PDF version of article.This correspondence is about a Gibbs-Markov random field (GMRF) parameter estimation technique proposed by Derin and Elliott. We will refer to this technique as the histogramming (H) method. First, the relation of the H method to the (conditional) maximum likelihood (ML) method is considered. Second, a bias-reduction based modification of the H method is proposed to improve its performance, especially in the case of small amounts of image data

On a Parameter Estimation Method For Gibbs-Markov Random Fields

This correspondence is about a Gibbs-Markov random field (GMRF) parameter estimation technique proposed by Derin and Elliott. We will refer to this technique as the histogramming (H) method. First, the relation of the H method to the (conditional) maximum likelihood (ML) method is considered. Second, a bias-reduction based modification of the H method is proposed to improve its performance, especially in the case of small amounts of image data. © 1994 IEE

Monacha samsunensis (Pfeiffer, 1868): another Anatolian species introduced to Western Europe, where it is known as Monacha atacis Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Hygromiidae)

Populations of Monacha atacis from southern Occitania in France and of M. samsunensis from northern Anatolia in Turkey (Atakum/Samsun and Kastamonu) were investigated by an integrative approach based on morphological (shell and genitalia) and molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences) features. Morphological examination revealed a complex pattern of variation within and between geographically separated populations, while molecular analysis showed strong similarity between the two species, confirming earlier suggestions that the species are conspecific. Pfeiffer’s name Helix samsunensis introduced in 1868 has priority over the name M. atacis given by Gittenberger & de Winter in 1985. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Gibbs random field model based weight selection for the 2-D adaptive weighted median filter

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A generalized filtering method based on the minimization of the energy of the Gibbs model is described. The well-known linear and median filters are all special cases of this method. It is shown that, with the selection of appropriate energy functions, the method can be successfully used to adapt the weights of the adaptive weighted median filter to preserve different textures within the image while eliminating the noise. The newly developed adaptive weighted median filter is based on a 3 x 3 square neighborhood structure. The weights of the pixels are adapted according to the clique energies within this neighborhood structure. The assigned energies to 2- or 3-pixel cliques are based on the local statistics within a larger estimation window. It is shown that the proposed filter performance is better compared to some well-known similar filters like the standard, separable, weighted and some adaptive weighted median filters

Rumen Ciliate Fauna of Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries) in Izmir, Turkey and Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

Species composition and distribution of ciliates were investigated in the rumen contents of 15 domestic sheep (Ovis aries) living in Izmir, Turkey. Twenty-three species and 11 morphotypes belonging to nine genera were identified. The density of ciliates was 118.3 +/- 63.5 x 10 4 cells ml(-1), and the mean number of ciliate species per host was 13.5 +/- 5.3. Entodinium simulans was the most abundant species, with a prevalence of 100%. Two morphotypes of Diplodinium flabellum were identified, such as D. flabellum m. aspinatum and D. flabellum m. monospinatum, and E. simulans m. dubardi was found for the first time in domestic sheep in Turkey. The scanning electron microscopic observations of Entodinium longinucleatum, E. bursa, E. rectangulatum m. rectangulatum, E. semahatae, E. exiguum, E. minimum, E. simulans m. caudatum, E. dilobum, Diplodinium flabellum m. aspinatum, D. dentatum, Isotricha prostoma, Metadinium affine, Enoploplastrom triloricatum, Dasytricha ruminantium, Ophryoscolex caudatus m. tricoronatus, Epidinium ecaudatum m. parvicaudatum, and Polyplastron multivesiculatum were studied

Reflections from a Matt Surface: On fine arts education in Turkey

WOS: 000390106900012The relatively short history of the modern art education in Turkey inevitably mirrors the constitutional predicaments that the young nation undergoes for nearly a century. The article aims to survey the pivotal implementations, starting from the early days of the Republic, and brings close together an evaluative reading about what has been done to keep the Turkish higher education in fine arts relative and up to date. Consequently, the main focus has been on and about the manifold complexities that arose as a result of such pitfalls like the absenceand in some cases, also the presenceof mandatory legislative frameworks, art's and art education's assumed role and promise in the university context and the both mutual and separate motives of academics and students in the field. It can be said that the symptomatic qualities put forward a set of associations in-between those issues, causing a similarity among the key problems. Most apparent of those are about to be on the difficulty of translationfrom one expression, structure, history, modality, experience or body of knowledge into another. Thus, the futility and dulling caused by the widespread institutional and individual custom of metaphrasing could be identified as a core issue whereas the necessity to paraphrase and to contextualize gains critical urgency. The concept of artistic research discussed in this context is a possible mode of structuring and programming the art education itself that could, it is hoped, be antidotal to the existing alienating and anaesthetic practicewhich becomes especially significant today in a public institutional education environment that is expected to assure a free, relevant and worthy higher arts education that still has a chance to avoid the distorting restraints faced extensively by the private sector