Phase formation, thermal stability and magnetic moment of cobalt nitride thin films

Cobalt nitride (Co-N) thin films prepared using a reactive magnetron sputtering process by varying the relative nitrogen gas flow (\pn) are studied in this work. As \pn~increases, Co(N), \tcn, Co$_3$N and CoN phases are formed. An incremental increase in \pn, after emergence of \tcn~phase at \pn=10\p, results in a continuous expansion in the lattice constant ($a$) of \tcn. For \pn=30\p, $a$ maximizes and becomes comparable to its theoretical value. An expansion in $a$ of \tcn, results in an enhancement of magnetic moment, to the extent that it becomes even larger than pure Co. Though such higher (than pure metal) magnetic moment for Fe$_4$N thin films have been theoretically predicted and evidenced experimentally, higher (than pure Co) magnetic moment are evidenced in this work and explained in terms of large-volume high-moment model for tetra metal nitrides.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Globalisation and Difference: Cosmopolitanism Before the Nation-State

In this paper, I have tried to reflect on what cosmopolitanism might mean in a very different era of globalisation than the present. Although cosmopolitanism, as an expansive and sociable vision, is often contrasted with the geographically limited perspective and claustrophobic affinities of nationalism, the term originates in a historical period before the rise of nationalism in Europe. I argue that the residents of the civilisations around the Indian Ocean in the medieval and early modern world were cosmopolitan even by the standards of the high modernist meaning of the term. Not only did a range of people transact and translate across different languages, but they also knew how to conduct themselves in different cultural settings with people of different religious beliefs, while respecting the disparate religious, social, and cultural practices of their neighbours

Red Tape: Akhil Gupta on bureaucracy and poverty in India

Speaking at LSE on June 11, UCLA’s Professor Gupta theorised the role of bureaucratic procedures in perpetuating chronic poverty across India

Prevention of Implications of Poor Posture and Physical Inactivity among Dentists

Long sitting hours, sedentary lifestyle has taken a toll on the well-being of the species. Studies have time and again reported that posture related problems in dentists has shown a very high prevalence.  As the art of dentistry requires a lot of precision and patience, it can cause a plethora muscle and back-related problems. Most of these musculoskeletal problems are confined to the head and neck region and are usually due to long hours put in by the dentist while treating his patients.  A Bad posture during the dental procedures put the dentist at risk for various dental procedures, however, it has been noted that there is lack of awareness about the implications of bad posture and physical inactivity amongst the dentists.  This review is on the prevention and implications of poor posture and physical inactivity among dentists

Paenibacillus polymyxa as a water additive improved immune response of Cyprinus carpio and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of Paenibacillus polymyxa as water additive probiotic bacterium in common carp, Cyprinus carpio based on water quality, survival, innate immune responses and disease resistance. The completely randomized experiment design was conducted for eight weeks and treatments consisted of three levels of P. polymyxa added in water at concentration of 103cfumL−1 (PP1), 104cfumL−1 (PP2) and 105cfumL−1 (PP3) and one control (Con, without any probiotic). No significant differences (p>0.05) in water quality parameters, such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonical nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were observed throughout the experimental period among treatments. The influences of P. polymyxa at different concentrations significantly improved survival (p<0.05). Study of different innate immunological parameters viz. lysozyme activity, respiratory burst assay, myeloperoxidase content, catalase and superoxidase dismutase activities showed significant (p<0.05) improved immune responses in fish exposed to P. polymyxa as water additive at 103 (PP1) and 104 (PP2)cfumL−1. The supplementation of probiotic in challenge test significantly (p<0.05) enhanced the resistance of fish against A. hydrophila infection. In view of recent reports of antibiotic failure from many countries to stop spread of fish diseases, renewed interest in a more complete understanding of the fish immune response to infectious diseases will be critical in developing new eco-friendly control strategies for future. Therefore, the application of probiotic P. polymyxa as water additive could be applied in aquaculture to improve immune responses and disease resistance of C. carpio

Fe and N self-diffusion in non-magnetic Fe:N

Fe and N self-diffusion in non-magnetic FeN has been studied using neutron reflectivity. The isotope labelled multilayers, FeN/57Fe:N and Fe:N/Fe:15N were prepared using magnetron sputtering. It was remarkable to observe that N diffusion was slower compared to Fe while the atomic size of Fe is larger compared to N. An attempt has been made to understand the diffusion of Fe and N in non-magnetic Fe:N