Exploring magnetic coupling of solar atmosphere through frequency modulations of 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves

Coronal fan loops rooted in sunspot umbra show outward propagating waves with subsonic phase speed and period around 3-min. However, their source region in the lower atmosphere is still ambiguous. We performed multi-wavelength observations of a clean fan loop system rooted in sunspot observed by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We utilised less explored property of frequency modulation of these 3-min waves from the photosphere to corona, and found them to be periodic with the ranges in 14-20 min, and 24-35 min. Based on our findings, we interpret that 3-min slow waves observed in the coronal fan loops are driven by 3-min oscillations observed at the photospheric footpoints of these fan loops in the umbral region. We also explored any connection between 3-min and 5-min oscillations observed at the photosphere, and found them to be poorly understood. Results provide clear evidence of magnetic coupling of the solar umbral atmosphere through propagation of 3-min waves along the fan loops at different atmospheric heights.Comment: This is a slight extended version of the paper accepted for publication in Bulletin of Li\`ege Royal Society of Sciences (proceedings of the third BINA workshop). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.0349

Exploring the damping of Alfv\'en waves along a long off-limb coronal loop, up to 1.4 R⊙_\odot

The Alfv\'en wave energy flux in the corona can be explored using the electron density and velocity amplitude of the waves. The velocity amplitude of Alfv\'en waves can be obtained from the non-thermal velocity of the spectral line profiles. Previous calculations of the Alfv\'en wave energy flux with height in active regions and polar coronal holes have provided evidence for the damping of Alfv\'en waves with height. We present off-limb Hinode EUV imaging spectrometer (EIS) observations of a long coronal loop up to 1.4~R$_\odot$. We have obtained the electron density along the loop and found the loop to be almost in hydrostatic equilibrium. We obtained the temperature using the EM-loci method and found the loop to be isothermal across, as well as along, the loop with a temperature of about 1.37 MK. We significantly improve the estimate of non-thermal velocities over previous studies by using the estimated ion (equal to electron) temperature. Estimates of electron densities are improved using the significant updates of the CHIANTI v.8 atomic data. More accurate measurements of propagating Alfv\'en wave energy along the coronal loop and its damping are presented up to distances of 1.4 R$_\odot$, further than have been previously explored. The Alfv\'en wave energy flux obtained could contribute to a significant part of the coronal losses due to radiation along the loop.Comment: A&A, in pres

Exploring source region of 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves observed in coronal fan loops rooted in sunspot umbra

Sunspots host various oscillations and wave phenomena like umbral flashes, umbral oscillations, running penumbral waves, and coronal waves. All fan loops rooted in sunspot umbra constantly show a 3-min period propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves in the corona. However, their origin in the lower atmosphere is still unclear. In this work, we studied these oscillations in detail along a clean fan loop system rooted in active region AR12553 for a duration of 4-hour on June 16, 2016 observed by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We traced foot-points of several fan loops by identifying their locations at different atmospheric heights from the corona to the photosphere. We found presence of 3-min oscillations at foot-points of all the loops and at all atmospheric heights. We further traced origin of these waves by utilising their amplitude modulation characteristics while propagating in the solar atmosphere. We found several amplitude modulation periods in the range of 9-14 min, 20-24 min, and 30-40 min of these 3-min waves at all heights. Based on our findings, we interpret that 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves propagating in coronal fan loops are driven by 3-min oscillations observed at the photospheric foot-points of these fan loops in the umbral region. We also explored any connection between 3-min and 5-min oscillations observed at the photospheric foot-points of these loops and found them to be weakly coupled. Results provide clear evidence of magnetic coupling of the solar atmosphere through propagation of 3-min waves along fan loops at different atmospheric heights.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

ASSESSMENT OF DEPENDENCY-ASSOCIATED FINANCIAL BURDEN OF COVID-19 MORTALITIES

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out interrelationship of economic burden and dependency profile of families with COVID-19 mortalities and to make related recommendations. Methods: A mixed method research was conducted to understand the interwoven mechanisms of COVID-19 mortalities for the study of variables including level of education, type of family, and economic burden to guide and direct public health strategies among research vulnerable groups of population in the present and in the future. Results: The dependency has been high in nuclear and joint family combined (160) as compared to three-generation family (21). The gender-wise distribution shows females having two children in family in higher numbers (46.0%) as compared to males in the same age group (35.5%). There is observed high number of COVID-19 mortalities among graduate and above (79) followed by literate up to higher secondary (60). Mean annual income has been highest in the COVID-19 mortalities for subgroup of a number of children being 4 (5.58%), followed by one child (3.79 lacs), no child (3.11 lacs), two children (2.95 lacs), three children (2.90 lacs), and five and more children (2.79 lacs). Conclusion: Although there is observed intergroup difference in the gender vulnerabilities and varying threshold of dependencies including social, demographic, economic, and developmental areas, there is an appreciable public health need to achieve social gains and avert possible disparities of existence through intersectoral and envisioned strategic reform-based initiatives leading to gainful coexistence of deprived with other social masses to achieve the set target of social developmental goals as per international health actions

Mortality Trend in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

"Introduction: Mortality data from hospitalized patients reflect the causes of major illness and care seeking behaviour of the community as well as standard of care being provided. Record of vital events like death constitutes an important component of the health information system. This study was conducted to find out the causes of mortality of inpatients in tertiary care hospital admitted during 2007-2011. Methodology: A retrospective analysis was conducted with medical record department in tertiary care hospital of Bhopal over a 5 years period. Death was classified using a standard system of ICD-10 (international classification of diseases). Results: Total 1619 death more 24% (723) were in the group of 45 years and above followed by 16-30 years of age 21% (336). Males were more (56%) than females (44%). The leading cause of death in last five years was septicaemia (24%), followed by heart diseases (14.63%) and pulmonary tuberculosis (10.31%). Least common cause of mortality was poisoning 2.1% and cancer 2.4%. Conclusion: Most common cause of overall mortality was septicaemia, cardiac and pulmonary disease. Steps are needed to be taken to educate the people and also to provide better treatment facilities at grass root level. An urgent reorientation of the health delivery system is required to enable the implementation of evidence-based strategies that can address this new challenge of non-communicable conditions. " [Natl J Community Med 2016; 7(1.000): 64-67

Glucose oxidase immobilized electrode for potentiometric estimation of glucose

Glucose oxidase has been immobilized onto a thin platinum strip, by co-crosslinking with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde. The retention of redox characteristics of glucose oxidase has been verified by cyclic voltammetry. The activity of the immobilized enzyme reduces to a quarter of its value when the enzyme is in solution but improves when coimmobilized with 1 m urea. The potentiometric response builds up and remains stable after 100 s. It is sensitive to the thickness of the immobilizing matrix, pH and temperature. An improvement in the performance of the electrode has been achieved by coimmobilizing 2 m urea and metal ions such as Mg2+ and Mn2+. The presence of Cu has been proved to be detrimental. The electrode has been calibrated in the 0.1-5.0 mM glucose concentration range. It gives a stable response for more than 50 independent assays and can be stored for 60 days without significant loss of function

Program management challenges of clinical studies: A qualitative critical assessment

Background: Organization, coordination, and discipline are required to complete any intricate operation, conducting a clinical experiment is no different. There are usually many moving components, from designing a plan, to conveying changes, to calculating risk, and excellent project management which are necessary to guarantee the study works successfully. Past evidence suggested that roadblock at any level hampers the progress of the clinical research. Understanding program management challenges hence becomes the key for timely and effective completion of clinical research. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative enquiry involving stakeholders in clinical research program management. We used problem tree-based approach wherein we documented views of various stakeholders to understand the interaction, interdependence, and related interventional needs of bottlenecks for long-term research gains using modern management methods applicable in clinical settings. The best fit approach was also explored to augment maximum benefit in limited resource settings. Results: Non-alignment with state policy aims, a lack of effective coordination and communication among members, challenging logistic management, limited use of technology, a need for training, and an inefficient monitoring mechanism were among the major issues highlighted, and solutions were proposed. Conclusion: Study concludes that an Integrated Process-cum-Timeline-Based Management strategy with multisectoral emphasis is ideal for program management of clinical projects

An observational study to evaluate the Mukhyamantri Baal Hriday Upchaar Yojana (MBHUY) in a city of central India

Introduction: Mukhyamantri Bal Hriday Upchar Yojna (MBHUY) is a Government scheme which was launched in the state of Madhya Pradesh (M.P) in 2011. Children suffering from congenital heart diseases have been identified and operated under Mukhyamantri Bal Hriday Upchar Yojna. The scheme has authorized 15 hospitals (10 in the state and 5 outside) for operative procedures. Present study was aimed to study the beneficiaries who have been operated and benefitted and to study the flow mechanism of grant provided under MBHUY and to identify the out of pocket expenses, if any. Methodology: Cross sectional study on 80 children using Pre designed, Semi Structured Questionnaire was used for data collection using Convenient Sampling Information about MBHUY. Conclusion: Majority of beneficiaries belonged to younger age groups (under five 76%, infants 48%) and their families represented all economic stata. Most common disease condition was VSD (30%) followed by ASD (18%). Anganwadi and health personnel were the main source of information and Chief Medical and Health Officer was the main procedural channel. No benificiery needed to go outside Indore for treatement. Benificiarries were allocated amount between 0.5 to 1.5 lacs in most of the cases. Time taken for approval of amount was 3 months and some benificieries needed to spend out of pocket in addition to support from of scheme. Conclusions: The implementation of the scheme was in helping the benificieries in better utilization of medical services. Important concerns were time taken for approval of fund and need to pay out of pocket that need to be addressed urgently