Unfree Labour : did indenture reduce labour supply to tea plantations in Assam?

Migration to tea plantations in Assam in the 19th century used indentured contracts. These contracts differed by conditions of harshness. Migration under the Special Act gained notoriety by giving tea planter the right of private arrest. Using a new set of migration by types of contract, the paper assesses if harsh terms of indenture discouraged labour flows. We find that regions using the harsh contract saw lower response to rise in the price of tea. Disaggregating by types of recruiter, we find that the response to market recruitment was high in all regions, but response to recruitment using community networks is statistically insignificant, suggesting that informational asymmetries may be an explanation for continuing migration despite concerns raised by the nationalist movement, social reformers and policy makers

Blind Recognition of Parameters of Reed Solomon Code from Intercepted Erroneous Codewords

Error correcting codes are designed for reliable transmission of digital information over a noisy channel. Several papers have been published on blind identification of binary FEC codes but papers reported on the identification of non-binary error correcting codes are less. Due to its strong error correction capability, RS (Reed-Solomon) code is being used widely. So technique for blind recognition of RS code is required to analyse intercepted signal as well as for intelligent communication. This paper presents a technique for extraction of parameters of Reed-Solomon code from intercepted demodulated bitstream. The proposed algorithm is very simple and hence it is very practical for hardware implementation. Our approach has been verified using MATLAB simulation

Advanced Shift Register Design Using PSDRM Reversible Logic

Reversible logic is one of the most important issues at the moment, with the different areas like low power CMOS devices, quantum computing, nanotechnology, cryptography, optical computing, DNA Computing, digital signal processing (DSP) etc. This can be achieved using reversible logic. The main purpose for designing reversible logic is to minimize cost and throughput. Reversible logic considered as a computing model in which there is one-to-one scaling between their input and output. Power distribution is considered as one of the most important aspects while designing circuit. Reversible logic has become an encouraging technology in low power circuit design. That's because back logic uses only very less power, thus resulting in reduced power dissipation. In this report, we proposed a new reversible gate, and with the help of this gate we have designed our asserted D flip-flop by using the two reversible gates i.e. by using Fredkin and Feynman Gate. The proposed design is better in terms of the average power consumed, number of gates and garbage output than existing. In Shift Register, we introduce a reversible D flip-flop by using FRG and FG gate in the place of existing D flip-flop which used Sayem Gate. The asserted design consumes less energy compare to traditional circuitry. Here we use Pseudo expressions (PSDRM). By using this technology there is an improvement in the factors, such as number of transistors, garbage output, quantum cost and power

Effect of Muons on the Phase Transition in Magnetised Proto-Neutron Star Matter

We study the effect of inclusion of muons and the muon neutrinos on the phase transition from nuclear to quark matter in a magnetised proto-neutron star and compare our results with those obtained by us without the muons. We find that the inclusion of muons changes slightly the nuclear density at which transition occurs.However the dependence of this transition density on various chemical potentials, temperature and the magnetic field remains quantitatively the same.Comment: LaTex2e file with four postscript figure