Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Indirect Carbon Emissions Caused by Chinese Urban and Rural Residential Consumption Based on Time Series Input-Output Tables from 2002 to 2011

Carbon emissions caused by residential consumption have become one of the main sources of carbon emission and revealed a huge growth trend in China. By processing data of Chinese input-output tables available and relative Statistical Yearbook, this paper uses RAS method to update the input-output tables to obtain the time series input-output tables from 2002 to 2011. Then, we use input-output method to make a contrastive analysis of changes in carbon emissions caused by Chinese rural and urban residents’ consumption. The results show that the indirect carbon emission caused by urban residents’ consumption is the main part of carbon emission caused by residents’ consumption, and the gap between carbon emission caused by urban and rural residents’ consumption is wider and wider. The annual per capita indirect carbon emissions in urban and rural areas increase by years, and the increment of the town is much greater than that of the country. At last, we analyze carbon emissions from residents’ consumption by sectors and obtain some meaningful results. In accordance with the above conclusions, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions from consumer behaviors, structure of consumption, energy usage, and so on

Effect of Anoctamin 6 and γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT on platelet activation and apoptosis

Es ist wohlbekannt, dass Ca2+ vielfältig zu zahlreichen Schritten der Thrombozytenaktivierung und -apoptose beiträgt. Das erhöhte Plasma-Ca2+ ist hauptsächlich durch Speicherfreisetzung und Orai1/STIM1-vermittelten speicherabhängigen Ca2+-Einstrom (SOCE) bedingt. Diese Studie untersucht die effekte von Anoctamin 6 (Ano 6) und dem γ-Sekretase-Inhibitor DAPT auf den Ca2+-Signalweg, Aktivierung und Apoptose von Thrombozyten. Ano 6 wurde in vielen Zellarten als Ca2+-gesteuerter Cl--Kanal beschrieben. Defektes Ano 6 liegt dem Scott Syndrom, einer seltenen Blutgerinnungsstörung, die aus einer gestörten Umlagerung der Phospholipide an der Thrombozyten-Zellmembran hervorgeht, zugrunde. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass die Anzahl der Thrombozyten auffallend höher im Blut von ano6-/--Mäusen als von ano6+/+-Mäusen war. SOCE und Orai1-Menge der Thrombozyten waren in beiden Genotypen nicht signifikant verschieden. Außerdem waren die Phosphatidylserin (PS)-Exposition, ROS-Menge, Plättchendegranulation, Integrin αIIbβ3-Aktivierung und intrazelluläre Ca2+-Konzentration ([Ca2+]i) in ruhenden Thrombozyten von ano6+/+- and ano6-/--Mäusen ähnlich. Die Stimulation durch CRP oder Thrombin erhöhte signifikant die [Ca2+]i, P-Selektin-Menge, Integrin αIIbβ3-Aktivierung und Bildung von ROS und triggerte die PS-Exposition sowie Zellschrumpfung in beiden Genotypen. Jedoch verminderten sich alle Effekte deutlich in ano6-/-- gegenüber ano6+/+-Thrombozyten. Schlussfolgernd vermindert defektes Ano 6 die durch CRP oder Thrombin induzierte Aktivierung und Apoptose von Thrombozyten. DAPT inhibiert den γ-Sekretase-Komplex, welches CD44, einen negativen Regulator der Thrombozytenaktivierung und -apoptose, spaltet. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass SOCE in Thrombozyten in Anwesenheit von DAPT signifikant gesenkt wurde. Zusätzlich führte die Exposition der Thrombozyten gegenüber CRP zu einem beachtlichen Zuwachs an [Ca2+]i, Integrin αIIbβ3-Aktivierung, Thrombozyten-Degranulation, mitochondrialer Depolarisation, Orai1 Menge, ROS-Bildung, Annexin-V-Bindung, Zellschrumpfung und -aggregation. Alle Effekte von CRP wurden jedoch von DAPT inhibiert. Schlussfolgernd wirkt der γ-Sekretase-Inhibitor DAPT einer CRP-induzierten Thrombozytenaktivierung, -apoptose und -aggregation entgegen

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarising beam splitter based on silicon nanobrick arrays

Since the transmission of anisotropic nano-structures is sensitive to the polarisation of an incident beam, a novel polarising beam splitter (PBS) based on silicon nanobrick arrays is proposed. With careful design of such structures, an incident beam with polarisation direction aligned with the long axis of the nanobrick is almost totally reflected (~98.5%), whilst that along the short axis is nearly totally transmitted (~94.3%). More importantly, by simply changing the width of the nanobrick we can shift the peak response wavelength from 1460 nm to 1625 nm, covering S, C and L bands of the fiber telecommunications windows. The silicon nanobrick-based PBS can find applications in many fields which require ultracompactness, high efficiency, and compatibility with semiconductor industry technologies

The Changes of Carbon Emission in China’s Industrial Sectors from 2002 to 2010: A Structural Decomposition Analysis and Input-Output Subsystem

Based on 2002–2010 comparable price input-output tables, this paper first calculates the carbon emissions of China’s industrial sectors with three components by input-output subsystems; next, we decompose the three components into effect of carbon emission intensity, effect of social technology, and effect of final demand separately by structure decomposition analysis; at last, we analyze the contribution of every effect to the total emissions by sectors, thus finding the key sectors and key factors which induce the changes of carbon emissions in China’s industrial sectors. Our results show that in the latest 8 years five departments have gotten the greatest increase in the changes of carbon emissions compare with other departments and the effect of final demand is the key factor leading to the increase of industrial total carbon emissions. The decomposed effects show a decrease in carbon emission due to the changes of carbon emission intensity between 2002 and 2010 compensated by an increase in carbon emissions caused by the rise in final demand of industrial sectors. And social technological changes on the reduction of carbon emissions did not play a very good effect and need further improvement

The Community Health Supporting Environments and Residents’ Health and Well-Being:The Role of Health Literacy

We evaluate the impacts that health supporting environments have on residents’ health and well-being. Using a stratified multi-stage sampling method, we select a sample of 12,360 permanent adult residents aged 15–69, and collect information on their health literacy level, as well as their demographic background and health. This individual level data is then merged with the administrative health supporting environment data. More than two thirds of residents self-reported having good/excellent health, and the percent of adults living in communities with healthy parks, healthy trails, and healthy huts in their community is 23 percent, 43 percent, and 25 percent, respectively. Controlling for a series of confounding factors at the community and individual levels, we find that healthy parks and healthy trails are positively correlated with self-reported health, which increases the probability of self-reporting good health by 2.0 percentage points (p < 0.10) and 6.0 percentage points (p < 0.01), respectively. Access to healthy huts is negatively associated with self-reported health, decreasing the probability of self-reporting good health by 5.0 percentage points (p < 0.01). Health literacy plays a role in moderating the effect of health parks, and a positive effect is more likely to be observed among adults with lower health literacy. Health supporting environments may play a role in reducing the likelihood of undiagnosed diseases and changing residents’ lifestyles, which promotes the health and well-being of residents, especially among those with inadequate health literacy

The economic costs of limited health literacy in China: evidence from China’s National Health Literacy Surveillance data

BACKGROUND: Limited health literacy is a public health challenge contributing to the rising health care costs. We assess the economic costs of limited health literacy in China using data from the National Health Literacy Surveillance survey. METHODS: Our data includes a sample of 6316 residents aged 15–69 years old living in Ningbo, China, in 2019. We use box plots to examine the distribution of out-of-pocket health expenditure by the level of health literacy. We then use the estimates from a two-part model to assess the contribution of limited health literacy to individual medical spending and the aggregate health expenditure at different levels of health literacy for the adult population in Ningbo. RESULTS: Medical costs of limited health literacy are about 10% (177 CNY or about 25 USD) of the annual medical expense of a resident aged 15–69 living in Ningbo. The medical cost of limited health literacy is greater among the rural, female, and older groups than others. If the proportion of people with adequate health literacy increases from 22 to 30% (the target level by 2030), the aggregate out-of-pocket health expenditure in Ningbo will decrease by 100 million CNY (14 million USD), or 0.88% of the 2019 Ningbo government expenditure on health care. CONCLUSIONS: This paper highlights the direct and indirect economic costs associated with limited health literacy. The results should help policymakers evaluate the cost-effectiveness of relevant programs that aim to improve residents’ health literacy. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07795-9