457 research outputs found
Management Equity Incentive and Performance: Evidence from Listed Companies of Manufacturing Industry
As an important long-term incentive mode, the equity incentive promotes the managers to contribute to the interest uniformity of managers and shareholders. By using Paired-Samples T test methods and regression analysis method and choosing companies that issued the equity incentive plan in 2007 as the sample, this paper comparatively analyzes the differences in the performance of companies before and after the implementation of equity incentive, companies implementing equity incentive and ones not. Furthermore, factors which influence equity incentive effect are examined. The results show that equity incentives can promote the company\u27s performance and the incentive effect should be better in the companies of state-control holding or low ownership concentration companies
Environmental correlates of sedentary behaviors and physical activity in Chinese preschool children:A cross-sectional study
Objective: This cross-sectional study examined environmental correlates of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) in preschool children in the urban area of Tianjin, China. Methods: Data were collected from the Physical Activity and Health in Tianjin Chinese Children study, involving healthy children 3â6 years old and their families. In all children (n = 980), leisure-time SB (LTSB) and leisure-time PA (LTPA) were reported in min/day by parents. In a subgroup (n = 134), overall sedentary time, light PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were objectively measured using ActiGraph accelerometry (âĽ3 days, âĽ10 h/day). Environmental correlates were collected using a questionnaire that included home and neighborhood characteristics (e.g., traffic safety, presence of physical activity facilities) and children's behaviors. Potential correlates were identified using linear regression analysis. Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed that âhaving grandparents as primary caregiversâ (βs and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for overall sedentary time: 29.7 (2.1â57.2); LTSB (ln): 0.19 (0.11â0.28)) and âhaving a television (for LTSB (ln): 0.13 (0.00â0.25)) or computer (for LTSB (ln): 0.13 (0.03â0.23)) in the child's bedroomâ were both associated with higher SB. Furthermore, âhaving grandparents as primary caregiversâ was associated with less MVPA (β (95%CI): â7.6 (â14.1 to â1.2)), and âactive commuting to school by walkingâ correlated with more MVPA (β (95%CI): 9.8 (2.2â17.4)). The path model showed that âmore neighborhood PA facilities close to homeâ was indirectly related to higher LTPA (ln), which was partly mediated by âoutdoor playâ (path coefficients (95%CI): 0.005 (0.002â0.008)) and âgoing to these facilities more oftenâ (path coefficients (95%CI): 0.013 (0.008â0.018)). Traffic safety was not a correlate. Conclusion: Family structure and media exposure in the home maybe important factors in shaping preschoolersâ PA patterns. Built environmental correlates could indirectly influence preschoolersâ LTPA through parental help with engaging in active behaviors
Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mTOR and phosphorylated mTOR expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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