139 research outputs found
Self-Calibrated Cross Attention Network for Few-Shot Segmentation
The key to the success of few-shot segmentation (FSS) lies in how to
effectively utilize support samples. Most solutions compress support foreground
(FG) features into prototypes, but lose some spatial details. Instead, others
use cross attention to fuse query features with uncompressed support FG. Query
FG could be fused with support FG, however, query background (BG) cannot find
matched BG features in support FG, yet inevitably integrates dissimilar
features. Besides, as both query FG and BG are combined with support FG, they
get entangled, thereby leading to ineffective segmentation. To cope with these
issues, we design a self-calibrated cross attention (SCCA) block. For efficient
patch-based attention, query and support features are firstly split into
patches. Then, we design a patch alignment module to align each query patch
with its most similar support patch for better cross attention. Specifically,
SCCA takes a query patch as Q, and groups the patches from the same query image
and the aligned patches from the support image as K&V. In this way, the query
BG features are fused with matched BG features (from query patches), and thus
the aforementioned issues will be mitigated. Moreover, when calculating SCCA,
we design a scaled-cosine mechanism to better utilize the support features for
similarity calculation. Extensive experiments conducted on PASCAL-5^i and
COCO-20^i demonstrate the superiority of our model, e.g., the mIoU score under
5-shot setting on COCO-20^i is 5.6%+ better than previous state-of-the-arts.
The code is available at https://github.com/Sam1224/SCCAN.Comment: This paper is accepted by ICCV'2
Tris(tetramethylammonium) tetra-μ2-sulfido-tetrasulfidocopper(I)dimolybdenum(VI) N,N-dimethylformamide solvate
The title compound, (C4H12N)3[CuMo2S8]·C3H7NO, was obtained from the self-assembly of tetrathiomolybdate, tetramethylammonium nitrate and cuprous sulfide in dimethylformamide (DMF). The asymmetric unit contains three (NMe4)+ cations, one [Mo2S8Cu]3− anion and one DMF solvent molecule, and no obvious interactions are observed between these species. The trinuclear anion can be viewed as fused [MoS4Cu]− units sharing a copper center. The geometric parameters of the trivalent anion are comparable to those reported for other related salts including isomorphous anions, namely (NEt4)2(PPh4)[Mo2S8Cu] (a) and (Ph3P=N=PPh3)2(NEt4)[W2S8Cu]·2CH3CN (b). However, the Mo—Cu—Mo angle is found to be 160.24 (3)° for the title salt, while this angle is 162.97 (2)° in (a) and the W—Cu—W angle is 170.3 (2)° in (b), indicating that the largest deviation from linearity is in the title compound
Harmonizing Base and Novel Classes: A Class-Contrastive Approach for Generalized Few-Shot Segmentation
Current methods for few-shot segmentation (FSSeg) have mainly focused on
improving the performance of novel classes while neglecting the performance of
base classes. To overcome this limitation, the task of generalized few-shot
semantic segmentation (GFSSeg) has been introduced, aiming to predict
segmentation masks for both base and novel classes. However, the current
prototype-based methods do not explicitly consider the relationship between
base and novel classes when updating prototypes, leading to a limited
performance in identifying true categories. To address this challenge, we
propose a class contrastive loss and a class relationship loss to regulate
prototype updates and encourage a large distance between prototypes from
different classes, thus distinguishing the classes from each other while
maintaining the performance of the base classes. Our proposed approach achieves
new state-of-the-art performance for the generalized few-shot segmentation task
on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets
Effect of grape pomace supplement on growth performance, gastrointestinal microbiota, and methane production in Tan lambs
Grape pomace (GP), a by-product in wine production, is nutritious and can be used as a feed ingredient for ruminants; however, its role in shaping sheep gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota is unclear. We conducted a controlled trial using a randomized block design with 10 Tan lambs fed a control diet (CD) and 10 Tan lambs fed a pelleted diet containing 8% GP (dry matter basis) for 46 days. Rumen, jejunum, cecum, and colon bacterial and archaeal composition were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (p < 0.05) in the GP than CD group; however, there was no difference in average daily gain (ADG, p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, p < 0.05) between the two groups. The GP group had a greater abundance of Prevotella 1 and Prevotella 7 in the rumen; of Sharpe, Ruminococcaceae 2, and [Ruminococcus] gauvreauii group in the jejunum; of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Romboutsia in the cecum, and Prevotella UCG-001 in the colon; but lesser Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group in the rumen and cecum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005 and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 in the colon than the CD group. The pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, such as L-rhamnose degradation in the rumen, starch and glycogen degradation in the jejunum, galactose degradation in the cecum, and mixed acid fermentation and mannan degradation in the colon were up-graded; whereas, the pathways of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle VIII, and pyruvate fermentation to acetone in the rumen and colon were down-graded with GP. The archaeal incomplete reductive TCA cycle was enriched in the rumen, jejunum, and colon; whereas, the methanogenesis from H2 and CO2, the cofactors of methanogenesis, including coenzyme M, coenzyme B, and factor 420 biosynthesis were decreased in the colon. The study concluded that a diet including GP at 8% DM did not affect ADG or FCR in Tan lambs. However, there were some potential benefits, such as enhancing propionate production by microbiota and pathways in the GIT, promoting B-vitamin production in the rumen, facilitating starch degradation and amino acid biosynthesis in the jejunum, and reducing methanogenesis in the colon
Determining appropriate timing of adaptive radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma during intensity-modulated radiation therapy
Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Models
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a
variety of natural language tasks based on just a few examples of natural
language instructions, reducing the need for extensive feature engineering.
However, most powerful LLMs are closed-source or limited in their capability
for languages other than English. In this technical report, we present Baichuan
2, a series of large-scale multilingual language models containing 7 billion
and 13 billion parameters, trained from scratch, on 2.6 trillion tokens.
Baichuan 2 matches or outperforms other open-source models of similar size on
public benchmarks like MMLU, CMMLU, GSM8K, and HumanEval. Furthermore, Baichuan
2 excels in vertical domains such as medicine and law. We will release all
pre-training model checkpoints to benefit the research community in better
understanding the training dynamics of Baichuan 2.Comment: Baichuan 2 technical report. Github:
https://github.com/baichuan-inc/Baichuan
The Ubiquitin Peptidase UCHL1 Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Through Stabilizing p53 and Is Frequently Silenced in Breast Cancer
Background: Breast cancer (BrCa) is a complex disease driven by aberrant gene alterations and environmental factors. Recent studies reveal that abnormal epigenetic gene regulation also plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Ubiquitin carboxyl- terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) is a tumor suppressor silenced by promoter methylation in multiple cancers, but its role and alterations in breast tumorigenesis remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings: We found that UCHL1 was frequently downregulated or silenced in breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues, but readily expressed in normal breast tissues and mammary epithelial cells. Promoter methylation of UCHL1 was detected in 9 of 10 breast cancer cell lines (90%) and 53 of 66 (80%) primary tumors, but rarely in normal breast tissues, which was statistically correlated with advanced clinical stage and progesterone receptor status. Pharmacologic demethylation reactivated UCHL1 expression along with concomitant promoter demethylation. Ectopic expression of UCHL1 significantly suppressed the colony formation and proliferation of breast tumor cells, through inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Subcellular localization study showed that UCHL1 increased cytoplasmic abundance of p53. We further found that UCHL1 induced p53 accumulation and reduced MDM2 protein level, and subsequently upregulated the expression of p21, as well as cleavage of caspase3 and PARP, but not in catalytic mutant UCHL1 C90Sexpressed cells
A compendium of genetic regulatory effects across pig tissues
The Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project has been established to develop a public resource of genetic regulatory variants in livestock, which is essential for linking genetic polymorphisms to variation in phenotypes, helping fundamental biological discovery and exploitation in animal breeding and human biomedicine. Here we show results from the pilot phase of PigGTEx by processing 5,457 RNA-sequencing and 1,602 whole-genome sequencing samples passing quality control from pigs. We build a pig genotype imputation panel and associate millions of genetic variants with five types of transcriptomic phenotypes in 34 tissues. We evaluate tissue specificity of regulatory effects and elucidate molecular mechanisms of their action using multi-omics data. Leveraging this resource, we decipher regulatory mechanisms underlying 207 pig complex phenotypes and demonstrate the similarity of pigs to humans in gene expression and the genetic regulation behind complex phenotypes, supporting the importance of pigs as a human biomedical model.</p
Global gene expression profiling identifies ALDH2, CCNE1 and SMAD3 as potential prognostic markers in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
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