The impacts of extreme marine weather and marine scientific and technological innovation on marine economic development: Evidence form China’s coastal regions

The extreme marine weather is a very vital factor and has important implications for of marine economic development. However, there is a lack of systematic and quantitative analyses of its impact on the marine economic development. Here, we study the impacts of extreme marine weather on marine economic development of 11 coastal regions in China, using the dynamic panel model. We found that extreme marine weather exerts a significant negative impact on the marine economic development. The marine scientific and technological innovation promotes marine economic development in a prominent manner. The marine scientific and technological innovation slows down the unfavorable impact of extreme marine weather on the marine economy. After considering different industries for marine economic development and heterogeneity, we found that extreme marine weather and marine scientific and technological innovation have a great impact on marine economic development in the tertiary industry and the areas with high development concerning marine economy level, while deliver a small impact on the marine economic development in the primary industry and the areas low development level. This paper empirically studies the relationship between the two variables of marine extreme weather and marine science and technology innovation and its impact on marine economic development, enriches the research perspective of extreme weather on marine economic development, and provides new method evidence for improving the level of marine scientific and technological innovation and promoting the development of marine economy

Surface Parameters Retrieval from Fully Bistatic Radar Scattering Data

Fully bistatic radar scattering from rough surfaces is of vital importance in terrain remote sensing, but results in bulky data volume. The scattering is dependent on physical parameters of the media and is controlled by the radar observation geometry. Together, the two sets of parameters determine the scattering patterns in a bistatic plane confined by incident and polar angles in both incident and scattering directions. For radar remote sensing, it is desirable to infer surface parameters of interest, with satisfactory accuracy, from large volumes of measured data sets. This is essentially a task of data mining. In this paper, we present model-generated bistatic radar scattering data, followed by a sensitivity analysis, to identify a suitable configuration in terms of parameter inversion from fully bistatic measurements by a Kalman filter-trained dynamic learning neural network (DLNN). Results indicate that with bistatic observation, superior retrieval performance (as compared to backscattering observation) can be readily achieved

Factors Influencing the Coupling of the Development of Rural Urbanization and Rural Finance: Evidence from Rural China

This study empirically analyzes factors influencing the coupling and coordinated development of rural urbanization and rural finance. For this purpose, the study employs the coupling degree model and develops a panel quantile model to estimate the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance. Accordingly, the study presents panel data comprising 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2019. The empirical results reveal that the coupling degree of rural urbanization and rural finance is relatively low in most study areas. This result suggests that rural urbanization and rural financial development in most provinces in China have not exhibited coordinated development. Further, the results reveal that urban population density negatively affects the coupling and coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance. Moreover, the effects of urban population density are more significant in areas with a low coupling coordination degree compared with those with a higher coupling coordination degree. An increase in the quantile gradually decreases the effect of the proportion of educational expenditure to GDP on the degree of rural urbanization and rural financial coupling coordination. However, the effect of financial development efficiency increases accordingly. The per capita GDP, per capita fiscal expenditure, and per capita built-up area significantly affect all the quantiles, indicating a positive correlation. This correlation can promote the coupling and coordinated development of rural urbanization and rural finance. In areas with a low coupling coordination degree, the financial development scale significantly positively affects the coupling coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance. In areas with a high coupling coordination degree, the financial development scale significantly negatively correlates with the coupling coordination degree. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the financial development structure and the coupling coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance

Factors Influencing the Coupling of the Development of Rural Urbanization and Rural Finance: Evidence from Rural China

This study empirically analyzes factors influencing the coupling and coordinated development of rural urbanization and rural finance. For this purpose, the study employs the coupling degree model and develops a panel quantile model to estimate the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance. Accordingly, the study presents panel data comprising 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2019. The empirical results reveal that the coupling degree of rural urbanization and rural finance is relatively low in most study areas. This result suggests that rural urbanization and rural financial development in most provinces in China have not exhibited coordinated development. Further, the results reveal that urban population density negatively affects the coupling and coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance. Moreover, the effects of urban population density are more significant in areas with a low coupling coordination degree compared with those with a higher coupling coordination degree. An increase in the quantile gradually decreases the effect of the proportion of educational expenditure to GDP on the degree of rural urbanization and rural financial coupling coordination. However, the effect of financial development efficiency increases accordingly. The per capita GDP, per capita fiscal expenditure, and per capita built-up area significantly affect all the quantiles, indicating a positive correlation. This correlation can promote the coupling and coordinated development of rural urbanization and rural finance. In areas with a low coupling coordination degree, the financial development scale significantly positively affects the coupling coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance. In areas with a high coupling coordination degree, the financial development scale significantly negatively correlates with the coupling coordination degree. In addition, a positive correlation exists between the financial development structure and the coupling coordination degree of rural urbanization and rural finance

Quantification of the Adjacency Effect on Measurements in the Thermal Infrared Region

International audienceSensor-observed energy from adjacent pixels, known as the adjacency effect, influences land surface reflectivity retrieval accuracy in optical remote sensing. As the spatial resolution of thermal infrared (TIR) images increases, the adjacency effect may influence land surface temperature (LST) retrieval accuracy in TIR remote sensing. However, to our knowledge, few studies have focused on quantifying this adjacency effect on TIR measurements. In this study, a forward adjacency effect radiative transfer model (FAERTM) was developed to quantify the adjacency effect on high-spatial-resolution TIR measurements. The model was verified to be in good agreement with moderate resolution atmospheric transmission (MODTRAN) code, with a discrepancy 3 K in some cases. These findings indicate that the adjacency effect should be considered when retrieving LSTs from TIR measurements, at least in some specific conditions. The proposed FAERTM provides a useful model for quantifying and addressing the adjacency effect on TIR measurements

Thermal Environment Effects of Built-Up Land Expansion in Shijiazhuang

Exploring the thermal environment effects of built-up land expansion can lay a firm foundation for urban planning and design. This study revealed the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of built-up land and heat island center points in Shijiazhuang using land-use/land-cover data and land surface temperature (LST) products from 1996 to 2019, and the response mechanism between the percentage of built-up land (PLAND) and LST with the grid sampling method and statistical analysis. Results indicated that heat islands are mainly clustered in the downtown, built-up areas of counties and the Hutuo River Basin. The spatiotemporal shift direction of the center point of the urban heat island (UHI) and built-up land in the whole study area varied due to the eco-environmental transformation of the Hutuo River Basin. In areas far from the Hutuo River Basin, the center points of UHI and built-up land were shifted in a similar direction. There is a remarkable linear correlation between the PLAND and LST, the correlation coefficient of which was higher than 0.7 during the study period. Areas with PLAND > 60% are urban regions with stronger heat island effects, and areas with PLAND < 55% are villages and towns where the temperature raised more slowly

Quantifying the Influences of Driving Factors on Land Surface Temperature during 2003–2018 in China Using Convergent Cross Mapping Method

International audienc

The energy conservation and emission reduction co-benefits of China’s emission trading system

Abstract Emission Trading System (ETS) is an innovative practice under the progress of green development in China. It is also an important method for China to achieve market-oriented environmental governance in ecological civilization construction. The ETS pilot policy has implemented for more than 10 years. However, the co-benefits of ETS pilot policy by the integration of energy consumption, carbon and sulfur dioxide emissions, and wastewater has not been evaluated. In order to fill this gap, we use the 2003–2017 annual data of 30 China’s provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), and utilize the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model and Propensity Score Matching (PSM-DID) methodology to evaluate the co-benefits of ETS pilot policy on energy conservation and emission reduction. We find that the ETS pilot policy significantly promote energy conservation and emission reduction. Eastern and central China have significantly benefited from the policy, while the western China has not due to the limited technology and innovation as well as an imbalance of the industrial structure. The results provide the policy reference for China’s government and institutions as well as the governments and institutions around the world to fulfill their commitments to save energy and reduce emissions, and early achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization