Shadow Thermodynamics of AdS Black Hole with the Nonlinear Electrodynamics Term

In this paper, we have creatively employed the shadow radius to study the thermodynamics of a charged AdS black hole with a nonlinear electrodynamics(NLED) term. First, the connection between the shadow radius and event horizon is constructed with the aid of the geodesic analysis. It turns out that the black hole shadow radius shows a positive correlation as a function of the event horizon radius. Then in the shadow context, we found that the black hole temperature and heat capacity can be presented by the shadow radius. And further analysis shows that the shadow radius can do as well as the event horizon in revealing black hole phase transition process. In this sense, we constructed the thermal profile of the charged AdS black hole with inclusion of the NLED effect. In P < Pc case, it is found that the N-type trend of the temperature given by the shadow radius is always coincide with that obtained by using the event horizon. So, we can concluded for the charged AdS black hole that the phase transition process can be intuitively presented as the thermal profile in the shadow context. Finally, the effects of NLED have been carefully analysed through out the paper.Comment: 17 pages, 21 figure

Mercury, Cadmium and Lead Biogeochemistry in the Soil–Plant–Insect System in Huludao City

Mercury, cadmium, and lead concentrations of ashed plants and insects samples were investigated and compared with those of soil to reveal their biogeochemical processes along food chains in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China. Concentration factors of each fragments of the soil–plant–the herbivorous insect–the carnivorous insect food chain were 0.18, 6.57, and 7.88 for mercury; 6.82, 2.01, and 0.48 for cadmium; 1.47, 2.24, and 0.57 for lead, respectively. On the whole, mercury was the most largely biomagnified, but cadmium and lead were not greatly accumulated in the carnivorous insects as expected when the food chain extended to the secondary consumers. Results indicated that concentration factors depended on metals and insects species of food chains

Neuroprotective Effect of Ginkgolide B on Bupivacaine-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells

Local anesthetics are used routinely and effectively. However, many are also known to activate neurotoxic pathways. We tested the neuroprotective efficacy of ginkgolide B (GB), an active component of Ginkgo biloba, against ROS-mediated neurotoxicity caused by the local anesthetic bupivacaine. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of bupivacaine alone or following preincubation with GB. Pretreatment with GB increased SH-SY5Y cell viability and attenuated intracellular ROS accumulation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress. GB suppressed bupivacaine-induced mitochondrial depolarization and mitochondria complex I and III inhibition and increased cleaved caspase-3 and Htra2 expression, which was strongly indicative of activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis with concomitantly enhanced expressions of Grp78, caspase-12 mRNA, protein, and ER stress. GB also improved ultrastructural changes indicative of mitochondrial and ER damage induced by bupivacaine. These results implicate bupivacaine-induced ROS-dependent mitochondria, ER dysfunction, and apoptosis, which can be attenuated by GB through its antioxidant property

Three and Six Months of Ketogenic Diet for Intractable Childhood Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: The ketogenic diet (KD) has been an effective antiepileptic treatment for intractable childhood epilepsy. The appropriate timing to evaluate the effect of KD is 3 months which is still not defined statistically. Therefore, we aim to realistically assess whether spasm remission during the period of 3 months KD can be a prediction index for the therapeutic effect of 6 months treatment.Methods: To investigate the duration and effect of the KD therapy for intractable childhood epilepsy, we searched the relevant articles up to May 20, 2018 from PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Conference literature. The inclusion criteria were: (i) confirmed cases of intractable childhood epilepsy, (ii) specific 3 and 6 months follow-up time, (iii) classified spasm remission evaluation. The exclusion criteria were: (i) including other therapy, (ii) unspecific follow-up time, (iii) no specific index for seizure reduction. The data extracted by two researchers independently included proportion of KD duration, seizure remission, year of publication, author, study design, and diet varieties.Results: The search strategy included a total of 542 citations, 18 articles were met the criteria with a total of 1,062 patients included in the final analysis. Compared with 3 and 6 months KD treatment, the rate difference of 50% seizure reduction was −0.01(95% CI: −0.09 to 0.06). And 90% seizure reduction was −0.036(95% CI: −0.090 to 0.017) and seizure free was −0.031(95% CI: −0.081 to 0.020).Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides statistical support that a period of 3 months KD can be a prediction index of 6 months duration in term of spasm remission. The 3 months KD can be implemented to evaluate seizure remission timely and provide personalized early support

Identification of microRNAs Involved in the Host Response to Enterovirus 71 Infection by a Deep Sequencing Approach

Role of microRNA (miRNA) has been highlighted in pathogen-host interactions recently. To identify cellular miRNAs involved in the host response to enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, we performed a comprehensive miRNA profiling in EV71-infected Hep2 cells through deep sequencing. 64 miRNAs were found whose expression levels changed for more than 2-fold in response to EV71 infection. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many of these mRNAs play roles in neurological process, immune response, and cell death pathways, which are known to be associated with the extreme virulence of EV71. To our knowledge, this is the first study on host miRNAs expression alteration response to EV71 infection. Our findings supported the hypothesis that certain miRNAs might be essential in the host-pathogen interactions

Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2 N,N′)(sulfato-κ2 O,O′)cobalt(II) ethane-1,2-diol monosolvate

The title compound, [Co(SO4)(C10H8N2)2]·C2H6O2, has the Co2+ ion in a distorted octa­hedral CoN4O2 coordination geometry. A twofold rotation axis passes through the Co and S atoms, and through the mid-point of the C—C bond of the ethane­diol mol­ecule. In the crystal, the [CoSO4(C10H8N2)2] and C2H6O2 units are held together by a pair of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds