FEDRR: Fast, Exhaustive Detection of Redundant Hierarchical Relations for Quality Improvement of Large Biomedical Ontologies

Background: Redundant hierarchical relations refer to such patterns as two paths from one concept to another, one with length one (direct) and the other with length greater than one (indirect). Each redundant relation represents a possibly unintended defect that needs to be corrected in the ontology quality assurance process. Detecting and eliminating redundant relations would help improve the results of all methods relying on the relevant ontological systems as knowledge source, such as the computation of semantic distance between concepts and for ontology matching and alignment. Results: This paper introduces a novel and scalable approach, called FEDRR – Fast, Exhaustive Detection of Redundant Relations – for quality assurance work during ontological evolution. FEDRR combines the algorithm ideas of Dynamic Programming with Topological Sort, for exhaustive mining of all redundant hierarchical relations in ontological hierarchies, in O(c·|V|+|E|) time, where |V| is the number of concepts, |E| is the number of the relations, and c is a constant in practice. Using FEDRR, we performed exhaustive search of all redundant is-a relations in two of the largest ontological systems in biomedicine: SNOMED CT and Gene Ontology (GO). 372 and 1609 redundant is-a relations were found in the 2015-09-01 version of SNOMED CT and 2015-05-01 version of GO, respectively. We have also performed FEDRR on over 190 source vocabularies in the UMLS - a large integrated repository of biomedical ontologies, and identified six sources containing redundant is-a relations. Randomly generated ontologies have also been used to further validate the efficiency of FEDRR. Conclusions: FEDRR provides a generally applicable, effective tool for systematic detecting redundant relations in large ontological systems for quality improvement

Traffic Circle Administration Based on Circuit Principles and Marginal Benefit Theory

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive model is constructed aiming at solving traffic circle problem which greatly bothers the modern society. Firstly, the quantification approach to assess the clog degree is put forward according to the description of electrical power in circuit principles. Then making use of the economic concept of marginal cost and relationship between supply and demand, judgment can be made on the changing rule of marginal social benefit when every unit of money is spent on the issue to improve traffic circle conditions. The intersection point when marginal social benefit turns from positive to negative is the best point for government to invest on the road conditions. Combined with conflict degree, we determine using different methods under various circumstances: laying stop or yield sign, placing traffic lights, or limiting the highest speed. In addition, consulting the mechanism of primary response circuit, we establish the method to set time for traffic lights. At last, an instance analysis is set for Xiamen Lianban traffic circle and the result shows that our research can reasonably deal with the practical problem

The Magnetic Properties of 1111-type Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor (La1−x_{1-x}Bax_{x})(Zn1−x_{1-x}Mnx_{x})AsO in the Low Doping Regime

We investigated the magnetic properties of (La$_{1-x}$Ba$_{x}$)(Zn$_{1-x}$Mn$_{x}$)AsO with $x$ varying from 0.005 to 0.05 at an external magnetic field of 1000 Oe. For doping levels of $x$ $\leq$ 0.01, the system remains paramagnetic down to the lowest measurable temperature of 2 K. Only when the doping level increases to $x$ = 0.02 does the ferromagnetic ordering appear. Our analysis indicates that antiferromagnetic exchange interactions dominate for $x$ $\leq$ 0.01, as shown by the negative Weiss temperature fitted from the magnetization data. The Weiss temperature becomes positive, i.e., ferromagnetic coupling starts to dominate, for $x$ $\geq$ 0.02. The Mn-Mn spin interaction parameter $\mid$$2J/k_B$$\mid$ is estimated to be in the order of 10 K for both $x$ $\leq$ 0.01 (antiferromagnetic ordered state) and $x$ $\geq$ 0.02 (ferromagnetic ordered state). Our results unequivocally demonstrate the competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions in carrier-mediated ferromagnetic systems.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Necessity and challenges for the post-pandemic Hangzhou Asian Games: An interdisciplinary data science assessment

BackgroundThe postponement of the Hangzhou Asian Games has reignited controversy over whether it is necessary and safe to hold. This study aimed to assess its necessity for Asian elite sport and the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic through joint data science research on elite sports and public health Internet big data.MethodsFor necessity, we used seven pre-pandemic Asian Games to investigate its long-term internal balance and six pre-pandemic Olympic Games to examine its contribution to the external competitiveness of Asian sport powers through bivariate Pearson correlation analyses between sport variables and holding year. For challenges, we used Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data and Tokyo 2020 Olympic data to quantify the past impact of the pandemic on elite sport by another correlation analysis between pandemic variables and the change in the weighted score of medal share (CWSMS), built a transferable linear regression model, transferred the model to Jakarta 2018 Asian Games data, and eventually forecasted the possible impact of the pandemic on the results of the Hangzhou Asian Games.ResultsThe proportion of gold medal countries in the Asian Games showed a long-term upward trend (Pearson r(7) = 0.849, p < 0.05), and the share of medals won by Asian countries showed a significant increasing process (Pearson r(6) = 0.901, p < 0.05). The cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths (CND) was most significantly correlated to CWSMS (Pearson r(100) = −0.455, p < 0.001). The total Olympic model output of Asian countries was 0.0115 in Tokyo 2020 and is predicted to be 0.0093 now. The prediction of CWSMS in Hangzhou was 0.0013 for China, 0.0006 for Japan, and 0.0008 for South Korea.ConclusionWe documented that Asian Games played a significant role in the long-term balanced internal structure and the increasing global competitiveness of Asian elite sport. We proved that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the Olympic performance of countries worldwide, while the competitive performance at the Hangzhou Games would be less affected than the world average level. This study also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary data science research on large-scale sports events and public health

A UMLS-based Investigation of Laterality in Biomedical Terminologies

Laterality is an important anatomic directional property indicating the sidedness of body structures, diseases, and procedures. Errors in laterality could have catastrophic consequences in patient care. In this paper, we investigate how different biomedical terminologies organize terms indicating laterality. We leverage the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) to identify lateral terms in different terminologies. For each lateral term, we attempt to obtain other matched lateral terms and further analyze how they are interrelated. Our results indicated that only 1.68% of the matched lateral term-pairs are hierarchically related. It was also seen that 44.24% of matched-pairs were siblings. We found that in SNOMED CT, bilateral concepts were hierarchically related to both left and right lateral concepts different to most other terminologies. Further investigation revealed that the likely causes for these relations are how the logical definitions of SNOMED CT concepts are arranged