Halophilic archaea cultivated from surface sterilized middle-late eocene rock salt are polyploid

Peer reviewe

A Compact Microwave-Driven UV Lamp for Dental Light Curing

The size of current microwave-driven UV lamps limits their direct application in dental light curing. This article proposes a coaxial structure to miniaturize the UV lamp. First, the Drude model and the finite difference time domain algorithm were used to analyze the multi-physical field coupling and the complex field distribution within the lamp. Second, the dimensional parameters of the lamp were optimized, which enabled the lamp to be miniaturized and operate with high performance. Third, to analyze the sensitivity of the lamp, the effects of input power, gas pressure, and gas composition on its performance were investigated. It was found that an input power of 6 watts was enough to light the bulb with over 90% energy utilization. Finally, to verify the feasibility, an experimental system was set up. The lamp was successfully lit in the experiment, and its spectral output was tested. The results show that the microwave-driven UV lamp based on a coaxial structure is miniaturized and broad-spectrum, making it suitable for clinical dental light curing

Continuous-Flow Microwave Milk Sterilisation System Based on a Coaxial Slot Radiator

Microwave continuous-flow liquid food sterilisation, in which the liquid is mainly heated by microwaves, has the advantages of fast sterilisation speed, energy saving, comprehensive elimination, and less nutrient loss. Circular pipes are commonly used in microwave continuous-flow liquid heating processing. However, with circular pipes, which are widely used in the industry, the heating is uneven owing to the phenomenon of tube focusing when adopting external radiation. In this study, a novel microwave continuous-flow milk sterilisation system based on a coaxial slot radiator is proposed. First, the coaxial slot radiator was designed to realise efficient radiation through the establishment of multi-physics model. The structure of the system was then optimised by comparing the heating efficiency and uniformity of simulation results. The effect of microwave coaxial slot radiator rotation on heating uniformity was simulated and the results show that the heating uniformity is improved obviously. Experimental equipment was set up to verify the results of the simulation. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Finally, the sensitivity analysis of the system is performed to confirm that, when the dielectric properties and types of liquid food change, the heating of the proposed microwave continuous-flow system remains efficient and uniform

A novel magnesium alloy with enhanced mechanical property, degradation behavior and cytocompatibility

A novel magnesium alloy with enhanced mechanical property, degradation behavior and cytocompatibilit

Intravital imaging of adriamycin-induced renal pathology using two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography

Adriamycin (doxorubicin), a common cancer chemotherapeutic drug, can be used to induce a model of chronic progressive glomerular disease in rodents. In our studies, we evaluated renal changes in a rat model after Adriamycin injection using two-photon microscopy (TPM), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Doppler OCT (DOCT). Taking advantage of deep penetration and fast scanning speed for three-dimensional (3D) label-free imaging, OCT/DOCT system was able to reveal glomerular and tubular pathology noninvasively and in real time. By imaging renal pathology following the infusion of fluorophore-labeled dextrans of different molecular weights, TPM can provide direct views of glomerular and tubular flow dynamics with the onset and progression of renal disease. Specifically, glomerular permeability and filtration, proximal and distal tubular flow dynamics can be revealed. 6–8 weeks after injection of Adriamycin, TPM and OCT/DOCT imaging revealed glomerular sclerosis, compromised flow across the glomerular wall, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, and variable intra-tubular flow dynamics. Our results indicate that TPM and OCT/DOCT provide real-time imaging of renal pathology in vivo that has not been previously available using conventional microscopic procedures

Atomic Indium Catalysts for Switching CO2_2 Electroreduction Products from Formate to CO

Electrochemical reduction of CO$_2$ to chemicals and fuels is an interesting and attractive way to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and energy shortages. In this work, we report the use of atomic In catalysts for CO$_2$ electroreduction to CO. The atomic In catalysts were anchored on N-doped carbon (InA/NC) through pyrolysis of In-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and dicyandiamide. It was discovered that InA/NC had outstanding performance for selective CO production in the mixed electrolyte of ionic liquid/MeCN. It is different from those common In-based materials, in which formate/formic acid is formed as the main product. The faradaic efficiency (FE) of CO and total current density were 97.2% and 39.4 mA cm$^{–2}$, respectively, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of ∼40 000 h$^{–1}$. It is one of the highest TOF for CO production to date for all of the catalysts reported. In addition, the catalyst had remarkable stability. Detailed study indicated that In$_A$/NC had higher double-layer capacitance, larger CO$_2$ adsorption capacity, and lower interfacial charge transfer resistance, leading to high activity for CO$_2$ reduction. Control experiments and theoretical calculations showed that the In–N site of In$_A$/NC is not only beneficial for dissociation of COOH* to form CO but also hinders formate formation, leading to high selectivity toward CO instead of formate

Archaeal strains isolated in this study.

<p>Archaeal strains isolated in this study.</p

Crystal samples from 800 m visualized by light microscopy.

<p>(A) A salt crystal chiseled off from the surface sterilized isolation sample. (B) A magnification of a subsection of (A), showing liquid inclusions inside the crystal. (C) Cubic liquid inclusions. Bars represent 0.5 mm in A and C, and 0.1 mm in B.</p