ZSON: Zero-Shot Object-Goal Navigation using Multimodal Goal Embeddings

We present a scalable approach for learning open-world object-goal navigation (ObjectNav) -- the task of asking a virtual robot (agent) to find any instance of an object in an unexplored environment (e.g., "find a sink"). Our approach is entirely zero-shot -- i.e., it does not require ObjectNav rewards or demonstrations of any kind. Instead, we train on the image-goal navigation (ImageNav) task, in which agents find the location where a picture (i.e., goal image) was captured. Specifically, we encode goal images into a multimodal, semantic embedding space to enable training semantic-goal navigation (SemanticNav) agents at scale in unannotated 3D environments (e.g., HM3D). After training, SemanticNav agents can be instructed to find objects described in free-form natural language (e.g., "sink", "bathroom sink", etc.) by projecting language goals into the same multimodal, semantic embedding space. As a result, our approach enables open-world ObjectNav. We extensively evaluate our agents on three ObjectNav datasets (Gibson, HM3D, and MP3D) and observe absolute improvements in success of 4.2% - 20.0% over existing zero-shot methods. For reference, these gains are similar or better than the 5% improvement in success between the Habitat 2020 and 2021 ObjectNav challenge winners. In an open-world setting, we discover that our agents can generalize to compound instructions with a room explicitly mentioned (e.g., "Find a kitchen sink") and when the target room can be inferred (e.g., "Find a sink and a stove").Comment: code: https://github.com/gunagg/zso

Myco-Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism, and Regulation

The growing demand for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and increased resistance to insecticides have provided great impetus to the development of alternative forms of insect-pest control. Myco-biocontrol offers an attractive alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Myco-biocontrol agents are naturally occurring organisms which are perceived as less damaging to the environment. Their mode of action appears little complex which makes it highly unlikely that resistance could be developed to a biopesticide. Past research has shown some promise of the use of fungi as a selective pesticide. The current paper updates us about the recent progress in the field of myco-biocontrol of insect pests and their possible mechanism of action to further enhance our understanding about the biological control of insect pests

Anisha Gupta et al. / International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE) Analyzing Theoretical Basis and Inconsistencies of Object Oriented Metrics

Metrics help in identifying potential problem areas and finding these problems in the phase they are developed decreases the cost and avoids major ripple effects from these in later development stages. These days, Object Oriented Paradigm is mainly used for all practical purposes, hence accessing Object Oriented Systems is a major research area in Software Engineering. As proved by researchers Procedural metrics are unfit for measuring various OO characteristics. Many researchers have proposed different OO metrics suite. This paper discusses the most commonly used OO metrics suite (CK, MOOD & LI) on the basis of characteristic they measure. An advanced metric for inheritance is also discussed. The strengths and weaknesses of all these are identified. The paper concludes by identifying that none of the metrics suite is full proof and there are flaws in almost all of them. Moreover, there is no single metric that can measure all the aspects of an OO System. Rather some of the suites have been found to be complimentary. Also, the paper stresses on the fact that metrics should not be treated as rules. Rather appropriate metrics identified using GQM approach act as indicators of the progress that a project has made

Are Information Security Practices Driven by the Likelihood and potential Impact of Security Events?

Organizations have opened up various digital interfaces through which customers gain access to online services. Digital interaction between the organization and its customers increases security risks. This study examines how the risk profile of customers defined by their perception of the likelihood and potential impact of a security incident is related to their information security behaviors. We collected data in the context of online banking services to empirically evaluate this research question. The results showed that individuals with low likelihood and high impact perceptions of security incidents had authentication and device security practices significantly higher than that of other groups. Surprisingly, there was no difference in security practices across groups with high likelihood/high impact and low likelihood/low impact perceptions of security incidents. Implications of these results are discussed along with ways we plan to extend this research study

PRESERVING PRIVACY IN DATA MINING USING SEMMA METHODOLOGY

Abstract- The huge amount of data available means that it is possible to learn a lot of information about individuals from public data. Here, this open data need to be sheltered from unlawful contact. The privacy-preserving data mining (PPDM) has thus become a significant subject in most recent years. Generally privacy means “keep information about person from being available to others ” but, the real worry is that their information not be mishandle. The data mining techniques enable users to extract the hidden patterns which may lead to leakage of sensitive data. So the main concern is to secure the data mining result with the help of PPDM. This paper provides a framework to preserve privacy in data mining results by manipulating SEMMA analysis cycle. I

A comparative study of theta wave in quantitative EEG among ADHD children with or without methylphenidate treatment

Aims and Objective: To assess and compare QEEG findings (mean absolute power values of theta wave) between Patients on Methylphenidate and Drug naive ADHD patients. Methodology: A total no of 78 participants included in the study 26 in each group (Drug naïve ADHD children, ADHD children taking methylphenidate more than 3 months and healthy controls). Participated in the study after taking informed consent, scalp EEG was done and then fourier transformation was done by using BESS (brain electro scan software) of the Axxonet System (India).Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: In QEEG, mean absolute power value of theta wave found increased in frontal area electrodes in ADHD children comparing to ADHD participant who were on methylphenidate treatment more than 3 months, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Use of Quantitative EEG can allow researchers to more precisely understand the brain origins and increase understanding of Pathophysiology

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 37 and PCNA interaction promotes osteosarcoma pathogenesis by modulating replication fork progression

Abstract Background Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer that predominantly affects young individuals, including children and adolescents. The disease progresses through heterogeneous genetic alterations, and patients often develop pulmonary metastases even after the primary tumors have been surgically removed. Ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) regulate several critical cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, transcriptional activation, and signal transduction. Various studies have revealed the significance of USP37 in the regulation of replication stress and oncogenesis. Methods In this study, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed to investigate USP37 expression. RNA sequencing was utilized to assess the impact of USP37 overexpression and depletion on gene expression in osteosarcoma cells. Various molecular assays, including colony formation, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and DNA replication restart, were employed to examine the physical interaction between USP37 and PCNA, as well as its physiological effects in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted to gain insight into the nature of the interaction between USP37 and PCNA. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry was performed on archived tissue blocks from osteosarcoma patients to establish a correlation between USP37 and PCNA expression. Results Analysis of the TCGA database revealed that increased expression of USP37 was linked to decreased progression-free survival (PFS) in osteosarcoma patients. Next-generation sequencing analysis of osteosarcoma cells demonstrated that overexpression or knockdown of USP37 led to the expression of different sets of genes. USP37 overexpression provided a survival advantage, while its depletion heightened sensitivity to replication stress in osteosarcoma cells. USP37 was found to physically interact with PCNA, and molecular docking studies indicated that the interaction occurs through unique residues. In response to genotoxic stress, cells that overexpressed USP37 resolved DNA damage foci more quickly than control cells or cells in which USP37 was depleted. The expression of USP37 varied in archived osteosarcoma tissues, with intermediate expression seen in 52% of cases in the cohort examined. Conclusion The results of this investigation propose that USP37 plays a vital role in promoting replication stress tolerance in osteosarcoma cells. The interaction between USP37 and PCNA is involved in the regulation of replication stress, and disrupting it could potentially trigger synthetic lethality in osteosarcoma. This study has expanded our knowledge of the mechanism through which USP37 regulates replication stress, and its potential as a therapeutic target in osteosarcoma merits additional exploration