Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is over expressed, aberrantly localised and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer

Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) is a member of the hnRNP family which has several different cellular roles including transcription, mRNA shuttling, RNA editing and translation. Several reports implicate hnRNP K having a role in tumorigenesis, for instance hnRNP K increases transcription of the oncogene c-myc and hnRNP K expression is regulated by the p53/MDM 2 pathway. In this study comparing normal colon to colorectal cancer by proteomics, hnRNP K was identified as being overexpressed in this type of cancer. Immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody to hnRNP K (which we developed) on colorectal cancer tissue microarray, confirmed that hnRNP K was overexpressed in colorectal cancer (P<0.001) and also showed that hnRNP K had an aberrant subcellular localisation in cancer cells. In normal colon hnRNP K was exclusively nuclear whereas in colorectal cancer the protein localised both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. There were significant increases in both nuclear (P=0.007) and cytoplasmic (P=0.001) expression of hnRNP K in Dukes C tumours compared with early stage tumours. In Dukes C patient's good survival was associated with increased hnRNP K nuclear expression (P=0.0093). To elaborate on the recent observation that hnRNP K is regulated by p53, the expression profiles of these two proteins were also analysed. There was no correlation between hnRNP K and p53 expression, however, patients who presented tumours that were positive for hnRNP K and p53 had a poorer survival outcome (P=0.045)

QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS AFTER IMPOSING OF AREFLJUSING HOLEDOHODUODENOANASTOMOSIS

Formation  of biliodigistiving anastomosis creates conditions for an ascending infection in the biliary system  that  provokes  the   reflux cholangitis. Studying of quality of life in the postoperative period gives the chance  to define  advantages of this or that  intervention

Synthesis of Sterically Shielded Nitroxides Using the Reaction of Nitrones with Alkynylmagnesium Bromides

Sterically shielded nitroxides, which demonstrate high resistance to bioreduction, are the spin labels of choice for structural studies inside living cells using pulsed EPR and functional MRI and EPRI in vivo. To prepare new sterically shielded nitroxides, a reaction of cyclic nitrones, including various 1-pyrroline-1-oxides, 2,5-dihydroimidazole-3-oxide and 4H-imidazole-3-oxide with alkynylmagnesium bromide wereused. The reaction gave corresponding nitroxides with an alkynyl group adjacent to the N-O moiety. The hydrogenation of resulting 2-ethynyl-substituted nitroxides with subsequent re-oxidation of the N-OH group produced the corresponding sterically shielded tetraalkylnitroxides of pyrrolidine, imidazolidine and 2,5-dihydroimidazole series. EPR studies revealed large additional couplings up to 4 G in the spectra of pyrrolidine and imidazolidine nitroxides with substituents in 3- and/or 4-positions of the ring

TREATMENT OF HYPOTROPHIC HEMS

The problem  of treatment of patients with cicatricial defects of a skin concerns one of actual sections  of medicine. The new method of treatment of hypotrophic hems by a beam of the laser from  a long wave of 540  nanometers, duration of impulses 1 - 2 nanoseconds (a mode  of generation Q – sw),  energy  of an impulse  (50  - 150 мДж)  and  frequency of following of an impulse (1-4 Hz) is offered. Its influence on microcirculation of a bottom of a hem that promotes reduction of depth of a hem, improvement of its consistence is proved. At use of a method healing  passes  during  30 – 38 days,  with formation a normotrophic hem, skin color restoration

КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ БОЛЬНЫХ ПОСЛЕ НАЛОЖЕНИЯ АРЕФЛЮКСНОГО ХОЛЕДОХОДУОДЕНОАНАСТОМОЗА

Formation  of biliodigistiving anastomosis creates conditions for an ascending infection in the biliary system  that  provokes  the   reflux cholangitis. Studying of quality of life in the postoperative period gives the chance  to define  advantages of this or that  intervention.Формирование билиодигестивных анастомозов создает  условия  для восходящей инфекции в билиарной системе, что ведет к развитию рефлюкс-холангита. Изучение качества жизни в послеоперационном периоде дает возможность определить преимущества того или иного вмешательства

ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ГИПОТРОФИЧЕСКИХ РУБЦОВ

The problem  of treatment of patients with cicatricial defects of a skin concerns one of actual sections  of medicine. The new method of treatment of hypotrophic hems by a beam of the laser from  a long wave of 540  nanometers, duration of impulses 1 - 2 nanoseconds (a mode  of generation Q – sw),  energy  of an impulse  (50  - 150 мДж)  and  frequency of following of an impulse (1-4 Hz) is offered. Its influence on microcirculation of a bottom of a hem that promotes reduction of depth of a hem, improvement of its consistence is proved. At use of a method healing  passes  during  30 – 38 days,  with formation a normotrophic hem, skin color restoration.Проблема лечения  больных  с рубцовыми дефектами кожи относится к одному  из актуальных  разделов медицины. Предложен новый  метод  лечения  гипотрофических рубцов лучом лазера длиной волны 540 нм, длительностью импульсов 1 -2 нс (режим генерации Q – sw),  энергией импульса 50-150 мДж и частотой следования импульса 1-4 Гц.  Доказано его воздействие на микроциркуляцию дна рубца, что способствует уменьшению глубины рубца, улучшению его консистенции. При использовании метода заживление проходит в течение 30-38 дней с образованием нормотрофического рубца, восстановлением цвета кожи

Overcompensation by Plants: Herbivore Optimization or Red Herring?

The increased growth rates, higher total biomass, and increased seed production occasionally found in grazed or clipped plants are more accurately interpreted as the results of growth at one end of a spectrum of normal plant regrowth patterns, rather than as overcompensation, herbivore-stimulated growth, plantherbivore mutualisms, or herbivore enhanced fitness. Plants experience injury from a wide variety of sources besides herbivory, including fire, wind, freezing, heat, and trampling; rapid regrowth may have been selected for by any one of the many types of physical disturbance or extreme conditions that damage plant tissues, or by a combination of all of them. Rapid plant regrowth is more likely to have evolved as a strategy to reduce the negative impacts of all types of damage than as a strategy to increase fitness following herbivory above ungrazed levels. There is no evolutionary justification and little evidence to support the idea that plant-herbivore mutualisms are likely to evolve. Neither life history theory nor recent theoretical models provide plausible explanations for the benefits of herbivory. Several assumptions underlie all discussions of the benefits of herbivory: that plant species are able to evolve a strategy of depending on herbivores to increase their productivity and fitness; that herbivores do not preferentially regraze the overcompensating plants; that resources will be sufficient for regrowth; and that being larger is always ‘better’ than being smaller. None of these assumptions is necessarily correct