Endokrine i metaboličke promjene u mliječnih krava tijekom peripartalnog razdoblja uzrokovane dodatkom vitamina E i cinka u prehrani

The objective of this study was to measure the effect of vitamin E (Vit-E) and zinc (Zn) supplements on endocrine and metabolic changes in peripartum cows. Thirty-two crossbred (Holstein Friesian×Tharparkar) cows were selected 60 days before the expected date of calving. The cows were arbitrary allocated into 4 groups (n = 8), namely: the control, T1, T2, and T3. The feeding schedule was similar in all the groups except that in T1, T2, and T3 60 mg Zn/kg DM, 1000 IU Vit-E and 60 mg/kg + 1000 IU Zn + Vit-E were additionally added, respectively, from day 60 pre-calving to day 60 post-calving. Blood samples were taken on days 60, 45, 30, 15, and 7 before and after the expected day of calving and on the day of calving. Before calving, the cows showed a decrease in plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, Vit-E, and Zn levels, and an increase in plasma non-esterified fatty acid level. However, increases in plasma leptin, insulin, glucose, Vit-E, and Zn and a decrease of plasma non-esterified fatty acid were observed after calving. After calving, group T3 had higher (P<0.05) plasma leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations than all the other groups. Plasma Vit-E levels were higher (P<0.05) in groups T2 and T3; however, the Zn level was higher (P<0.05) in groups T1 and T2. Milk yield was observed to be higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in the control and groups T1 and T2. The reduction in leptin, insulin, glucose, Vit-E, and Zn during peripartum was ameliorated by Vit-E and Zn supplementationCilj ovoga istraživanja bio je izmjeriti učinak vitamina E i cinka (Zn) na endokrine i metaboličke promjene u krava tijekom peripartalnog razdoblja. U istraživanje su uključene 32 krave, križanke (Holstein-Friesian × Tharparkar), 60 dana prije očekivanog teljenja. Krave su nasumce podijeljene u četiri skupine (n = 8): kontrolnu skupinu, T1, T2 i T3. Hranidbeni je protokol bio sličan u svim skupinama, osim što je skupinama T1, T2 i T3 dodano 60 mg Zn/kg suhe tvari, 1000 i. j. vitamina E te 60 mg/kg + 1000 i. j. Zn + vitamin E, pojedinačno, od 60. dana prije teljenja do 60. dana poslije teljenja. Krv je uzeta 60., 45., 30., 15. i 7. dan prije očekivanog teljenja, na dan teljenja te 60., 45., 30., 15. i 7. dan poslije teljenja. Prije teljenja krave su pokazale smanjenje razine leptina, inzulina, glukoze, vitamina E i cinka te povećanje razine neesterificirane masne kiseline u plazmi. Nakon teljenja razine leptina, inzulina, glukoze, vitamina E i cinka porasle su, a razina neesterificirane masne kiseline u plazmi bila je snižena. Nakon teljenja skupina T3 imala je povišene vrijednosti (P<0,01) leptina, inzulina i glukoze u odnosu na ostale skupine. Razina vitamina E u plazmi bila je veća (P<0,01) u skupinama T2 i T3; razina cinka bila je veća u skupinama T1 i T2. U skupini T3 opažena je viša (P<0,01) količina mlijeka u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu, skupine T1 i T2. Snižavanje razine leptina, inzulina, glukoze, vitamina E i cinka u peripartalnom razdoblju ublaženo je dodacima vitamina E i cinka u prehrani

A Comparative Study of Serum Ast/Sgot Levels Among the Patients of Thyroid Disorders

Abstract: Background: Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrinological disorders. Consequentl

Dodatak kroma u teladi azijskog vodenog bivola (Bubalus bubalis) pod stresom od hladnoće: učinci na prirast, hranidbenu iskoristivost te staničnu i humoralnu imunost

Various stressors significantly increase urinary excretion of chromium (Cr), suggesting that Cr may be physiologically linked to the responses to control stress. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological responses of buffalo calves to increased Cr supply under low ambient temperature. In a randomized complete block design, twenty-four Murrah buffalo calves were assigned to 4 treatments for a period of 120 days. Treatments included either no supplemental Cr (control), 0.5 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM, 1.0 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM, or 1.5 mg of supplemental Cr/kg DM. Buffalo calves were monitored daily for physiological variables, dry matter intake (DMI) and fortnightly for body mass change. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals and analyzed for the biomarkers of immunity and plasma trace mineral concentration. At the end of the 120 day experimental period, a 7 day metabolic trial was conducted. The average temperature-humidity index (THI) and relative humidity (RH) during the study were 58.10 units and 52.0% respectively. Physiological variables, DMI and growth performance did not differ among all treatments. 1.5 mg Cr/kg DM increased B and T-cell proliferation, neutrophil phagocytic activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value, whereas plasma total immunoglobulin (TIg) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were the highest in the 1.0 and 1.5 mg Cr/kg DM group. Nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism and trace mineral bioavailability did not differ between treatments, while the bioavailability of Cr showed a positive correlation with supplemental Cr level. The results suggest that in cold conditions, increased Cr supply can improve immune response without affecting physiological response, growth performance and nutrient utilization in buffalo calves.Različiti stresori značajno povećavaju izlučivanje kroma (Cr) mokraćom što naznačuje da Cr može biti fiziološki vezan s odgovorom za kontrolu stresa. Cilj je ovog rada bio odrediti fiziološke odgovore u bivolje teladi na povećani dodatak Cr u uvjetima niske temperature okoliša. Prema metodi slučajnog odabira skupina, 24 Murrah bivolska teleta bila su raspodijeljena u četiri skupine koje su bile različito tretirane u razdoblju od 120 dana. Životinjama jedne skupine dodavano je 0,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari, druge skupine 1,0 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari, a treće skupine 1,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari, dok kontrolnoj skupini Cr nije bio dodavan. U teladi su dnevno bile promatrane fiziološke varijable, uzimanje suhe tvari te svaka dva tjedna promjena tjelesne mase. Uzorci krvi bili su uzimani u razmacima od 14 dana i pretraženi na biomarkere imunosti i koncentraciju minerala u tragovima u plazmi. Na kraju pokusnog razdoblja od 120 dana proveden je sedmodnevni metabolički pokus. Prosječni indeks temperature i vlažnosti tijekom istraživanja iznosio je 58,10 jedinica dok je relativna vlažnost bila 52,0 %. Fiziološke varijable, uzimanje suhe tvari i prirast reducirajućeg željeza nisu se razlikovali među skupinama. Količina od 1,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari povećala je proliferaciju B- i T-limfocita, fagocitoznu aktivnost neutrofila i vrijednost antioksidacijske sposobnosti, dok su koncentracije ukupnih imunoglobulina plazme i imunoglobulina G (IgG) bile najveće u skupinama koje su dobivale 1,0 odnosno 1,5 mg Cr/kg suhe tvari. Nutritivna probavljivost, metabolizam dušika (N) i biološka raspoloživost minerala u tragovima nisu se razlikovali među skupinama. Biološka raspoloživost Cr bila je u korelaciji s razinom njegova dodatka. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da povećani dodatak Cr u hladnoći može poboljšati imunosni odgovor bez utjecaja na fiziološki odgovor, prirast i hranidbenu iskoristivost u bivolje teladi

Effect of dietary supplementation of rice dried distillers grains (rDDGS) on blood profile in Barbari goats

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of feeding different levels of rice dried distiller grains (rDDGS) on haemato-biochemical profile of Barbari goats. Twenty-four Barbari goats of 1-2 years of age were randomly divided into four groups (Control, T1, T2 and T3) having six animals in each group. Barbari goats in control group were fed with basal diet comprising of wheat straw, chaffed green maize fodder and compounded concentrate mixture in a ratio of 20:30:50. The animals in T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 10, 20 and 30% of rDDGS on dry matter basis, respectively for the period of 90 days. Results revealed no significant differences on blood profile except WBC (×103/µl), neutrophil (%) and lymphocytes (%) in the groups supplemented with rDDGS. Total protein was found highly significant in T2 group followed by T1 and T3 groups. Total immunoglobulin, catalase, TBARS and ALT in rDDGS supplemented groups were also found significantly different. It was concluded that rDDGS can be incorporated in Barbari goat ration up to level of 20% without having any detrimental effect on health of goats

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Not AvailableThe study was conducted to investigating the effect of α-tocopherol acetate on heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), oxidative stress, and antioxidant status during periparturient period in medium body condition score crossbred cows. Twenty crossbred Karan Fries cows with confirmed pregnancy were selected 2 months before expected date of calving. The cows were randomly dis tributed in to two groups: 10 cows were kept as control and 10 were supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate during dry period for 2 months. Blood samples were collected at −20, −10, −5, 0, 5, 10, and 20 days in relation to the expected date of calving. Superoxide dis mutase, catalase, and total immunoglobulin were signifi cantly higher (P<0.01) in treatment as compared to control cows. Heat shock protein 70 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels were significantly lower (P<0.01) in the treatment cows than their counterpart. Treatment with α-tocopherol acetate during dry period resulted in reduced oxidative stress, heat shock protein Hsp70 levels, improved antioxidant, and improved immu nity status indicating beneficial effect of α-tocopherol ace tate treatment.Not Availabl

STUDY OF ASSOCIATION OF INFLAMMATORY MARKERS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PREDIABETIC PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The preferred clinical approach to cardiovascular prevention is to treat all the metabolic risk factors. Objective: The objectives is study of acute-phase reactants in MS patients. Methods: This study was conducted on 250 subjects and controls at Government Medical College and Associated Group of Hospitals Kota, Rajasthan from October 2019 to September 2021. The study group had 125 MS cases and an equal number of healthy controls. Demographic characteristic of all participants noted including age, sex, weight, and height. Results: We observed a significant rise in blood glucose, total cholesterol, S. triglyceride, S. low-density lipoprotein (LDL). S. Very LDL S. C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin level in MS cases when compared to control subjects, while serum high-density lipoprotein level found to be decreased in MS patients as compared to control group. Conclusion: In this study, both CRP and ferritin level are increased as the number of components of MS increased. Therefore, these inflammation parameters could accurately and timely discriminate patients with MS, according to IDF criteria, who are at increased risk for future cardiovascular events. There was a significant correlation between inflammation and the diabetic complications

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Not AvailableThe study was conducted to elucidate the changes in circulatory plasma levels of hepatic enzymes in vitamin E and zinc supplemented periparturient Sahiwal cows. Sahiwal cows (18) were selected from the institute herd, apparently healthy and in advanced state of pregnancy. The cows were randomly divided into 3 groups 6 cows in each, viz. control, treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 2 (T2). Control group was fed a control diet as practiced for pregnant cows in NDRI dairy farm. The treatment 1 (T1) group was supplemented with zinc @ 60 ppm/day/cow and treatment 2 (T2) group was supplemented a mixture of vitamin E @ 1000 IU/day/animal and zinc @ 60 ppm/ day/cow with control diet during day 60 prepartum to day 90 postpartum. Plasma was analyzed for alkalline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). ALP levels were differing significantly in all 3 groups. ALT level was significantly lower in treatment 2 as comparison to its level of both control and treatment 1 animals. AST level was also significantly lower in treatment 2 as comparison to its level of both control and treatment 1 animals. The study indicated that vitamin E and zinc supplementation lowers these hepatic enzymes in blood plasma, prevents oxidative damage of liver and improves the health condition of liver.Not Availabl

Class-specific evolution and transcriptional differentiation of 14-3-3 family members in mesohexaploid Brassica rapa

14-3-3s are highly conserved, multigene family proteins that have been implicated in modulating various biological processes. The presence of inherent polyploidy and genome complexity has limited the identification and characterization of 14-3-3 proteins from globally important Brassica crops. Through data mining of Brassica rapa, the model Brassica genome, we identified 21 members encoding 14-3-3 proteins namely, BraA.GRF14.a to BraA.GRF14.u. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. rapa contains both ε (epsilon) and non-ε 14-3-3 isoforms, having distinct intron-exon structural organization patterns. The non-ε isoforms showed lower divergence rate (Ks0.48), suggesting class-specific divergence pattern. Synteny analysis revealed that mesohexaploid B. rapa genome has retained 1-5 orthologs of each Arabidopsis 14-3-3 gene, interspersed across its three fragmented sub-genomes. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 14 of the 21 BraA.GRF14 were expressed, wherein a higher abundance of non-ε transcripts was observed compared to the ε genes, indicating class-specific transcriptional bias. The BraA.GRF14 genes showed distinct expression pattern during plant developmental stages and in response to abiotic stress, phytohormone treatments, and nutrient deprivation conditions. Together, the distinct expression pattern and differential regulation of BraA.GRF14s indicated the occurrence of functional divergence of B. rapa 14-3-3 proteins during plant development and stress responses

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Not AvailableGlobally, various estimates are available on the above-ground (plant parts) carbon (C) sequestering potential of agroforestry systems (AFSs). However, information on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential is limited for AFSs. Furthermore, the impacts of AFSs established for the restoration of C in degraded soils (prone to soil erosion, C and nutrients loss, etc.) of Himalayas are rarely investigated. Thus, a study was conducted on an agroforestry block established in 1989 at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Research Complex for North Eastern Hill (NEH) Region, Lembucherra, Tripura, India. The AFSs comprised of four multipurpose tree species viz., teak (Tectona grandis Linn), sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex DC.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.), and neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) in combination with pineapple (Ananas comosus L. merr.). Planted in three times replicated randomized block design. After 28 years of establishment, the impacts of these AFSs were assessed on SOC stocks and its fraction pools. Results revealed that sissoo + pineapple system stored the highest SOC stocks in 0–15 cm (22.1 ± 1.4 Mg/ha) and 30–60 cm (18.0 ± 4.3 Mg/ha) depths, whereas the SOC stocks in 15–30 cm (12.2 ± 1.2 Mg/ha) and 0–30 cm (34.0 ± 1.6 Mg/ha) were the highest under teak + pineapple. When considering the entire 0–100 cm soil profile, the SOC stocks ranged between 65.3 and 71.6 Mg/ha across the diverse AFSs which was significantly higher than that under cultivated land (52.8 ± 2.6 Mg/ha). The sissoo + pineapple system had the highest SOC stock in 0–100 cm (71.6 ± 5.8 Mg/ha). The share of passive carbon (PC, less labile + non-labile) pools to SOC stocks under AFSs followed the order of sissoo + pineapple > teak + pineapple > neem + pineapple > eucalyptus + pineapple. The PC or recalcitrant pools of SOC stocks at 0–100 cm were 54.2–60.6% under various AFSs. Results revealed that the establishment of AFSs with pineapple on degraded lands increased a significant amount of C and had a considerable effect on soil quality in comparison to C present in soils under cropland. Thus, a large scale adoption of AFSs may restore C lost through the cultivation of the crop in degraded lands and provide a feasible option for livelihood through concurrent cultivation of multipurpose tree species and agri-horticulture crops.National Mission on Sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem (TF-6), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, and ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Meghalay