TGR5: A Novel Target for Weight Maintenance and Glucose Metabolism

TGR5, an emerging G protein-coupled receptor, was identified as a membrane receptor for bile acids. The expression of TGR5 and its function are distinct from the previously identified nuclear bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR). These two bile acid receptors complement with each other for maintaining bile acid homeostasis and mediating bile acid signaling. Both receptors are also shown to play roles in regulating inflammation and glucose metabolism. An interesting finding for TGR5 is its role in energy metabolism. The discovery of TGR5 expression in brown adipocyte tissues (BATs) and the recent demonstration of BAT in adult human body suggest a potential approach to combat obesity by targeting TGR5 to increase thermogenesis. We summarize here the latest finding of TGR5 research, especially its role in energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis

Neutrino Masses and the LHC: Testing Type II Seesaw

We demonstrate how to systematically test a well-motivated mechanism for neutrino mass generation (Type-II seesaw) at the LHC, in which a Higgs triplet is introduced. In the optimistic scenarios with a small Higgs triplet vacuum expectation value vd < 10^{-4} GeV, one can look for clean signals of lepton number violation in the decays of doubly charged and singly charged Higgs bosons to distinguish the Normal Hierarchy (NH), the Inverted Hierarchy (IH) and the Quasi-Degenerate (QD) spectrum for the light neutrino masses. The observation of either H+ --> tau+ nubar or H+ --> e+ nubar will be particularly robust for the spectrum test since they are independent of the unknown Majorana phases. The H++ decays moderately depend on a Majorana phase Phi2 in the NH, but sensitively depend on Phi1 in the IH. In a less favorable scenario vd > 2 10^{-4} GeV, when the leptonic channels are suppressed, one needs to observe the decays H+ --> W+ H_1 and H+ --> t bbar to confirm the triplet-doublet mixing which in turn implies the existence of the same gauge-invariant interaction between the lepton doublet and the Higgs triplet responsible for the neutrino mass generation. In the most optimistic situation, vd approx 10^{-4} GeV, both channels of the lepton pairs and gauge boson pairs may be available simultaneously. The determination of their relative branching fractions would give a measurement for the value of vd.Comment: 50 pages, 51 figures, minor corrections, one reference added, to appear in Physical Review

Immune Protection Induced on Day 10 Following Administration of the 2009 A/H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Vaccine

BACKGROUND: The 2009 swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV) H1N1 pandemic has caused more than 18,000 deaths worldwide. Vaccines against the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza virus are useful for preventing infection and controlling the pandemic. The kinetics of the immune response following vaccination with the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza vaccine need further investigation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 58 volunteers were vaccinated with a 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic influenza monovalent split-virus vaccine (15 µg, single-dose). The sera were collected before Day 0 (pre-vaccination) and on Days 3, 5, 10, 14, 21, 30, 45 and 60 post vaccination. Specific antibody responses induced by the vaccination were analyzed using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After administration of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza vaccine, specific and protective antibody response with a major subtype of IgG was sufficiently developed as early as Day 10 (seroprotection rate: 93%). This specific antibody response could maintain for at least 60 days without significant reduction. Antibody response induced by the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza vaccine could not render protection against seasonal H1N1 influenza (seroconversion rate: 3% on Day 21). However, volunteers with higher pre-existing seasonal influenza antibody levels (pre-vaccination HI titer ≥1∶40, Group 1) more easily developed a strong antibody protection effect against the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza vaccine as compared with those showing lower pre-existing seasonal influenza antibody levels (pre-vaccination HI titer <1∶40, Group 2). The titer of the specific antibody against the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza was much higher in Group 1 (geometric mean titer: 146 on Day 21) than that in Group 2 (geometric mean titer: 70 on Day 21). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Recipients could gain sufficient protection as early as 10 days after vaccine administration. The protection could last at least 60 days. Individuals with a stronger pre-existing seasonal influenza antibody response may have a relatively higher potential for developing a stronger humoral immune response after vaccination with the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine

ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

Information technology is developing rapidly, the development model of the manufacturing industry has undergone tremendous changes. According to the theory of product life cycle, this paper divides the integration process of Business Process Reengineering and Total Quality Management into four stages: the introduction phase, the growth phase, the maturity phase and the decline phase, and proposes a continuous innovation methodology for organizational integration to help manufacturing companies better Innovation management.Информационные технологии стремительно развиваются, модель развития обрабатывающей промышленности претерпела колоссальные изменения. В соответствии с теорией жизненного цикла продукта, в этой статье процесс интеграции реинжиниринга бизнес-процессов и тотального управления качеством делится на четыре этапа: фаза внедрения, фаза роста, фаза зрелости и фаза спада, а также предлагается методология непрерывных инноваций для организационная интеграция, чтобы помочь производственным компаниям улучшить управление инновациями

Minimally Invasive Concepts in Treating Synchronous Liver Metastases Rectal Cancer Patients: Report of Six Cases

Background Rectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases (SLM) is common in clinical practice. However, the application of conventional natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) and NOSES with specimen extraction via stoma/hepatectomy incision in the special population is rarely explored. Case report Six SLM rectal cancer patients were treated with simultaneous surgical resection and the specimens were extracted via anal/stoma/hepatectomy incision. Respectively, intraoperative and postoperative data, anal function 3 months after surgery and long-term prognosis were reviewed. Results Intraoperative and postoperative data and anal function were reliable for the six cases. Only one patient died of brain and bone metastases at 84 months after surgery and the other five patients were alive at their last follow-up. Conclusions Simultaneous surgical resection with the concept of conventional NOSES and NOSES with specimen extraction via stoma/hepatectomy incision is safety for SLM rectal patients

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТЬ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОЙ ИННОВАЦИИ В ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ЦИКЛА ДЕЛОВОЙ ЖИЗНИ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОМ ПРЕДПРИЯТИИ

Information technology is developing rapidly, the development model of the manufacturing industry has undergone tremendous changes. According to microeconomics enterprise theory, the organizational theory of management, innovation theory and the complexity theory, this paper elaborates the characteristics and uncertainty of organizational innovation in the evolution of the business life cycle in the manufacturing enterprise to help manufacturing enterprise better Innovation management.Информационные технологии стремительно развиваются, модель развития обрабатывающей промышленности претерпела колоссальные изменения. В соответствии с теорией микроэкономики предприятия, организационной теорией управления, теорией инноваций и теорией сложности в этой статье рассматриваются характеристики и неопределенность организационных инноваций в эволюции жизненного цикла бизнеса на производственном предприятии, чтобы помочь производственному предприятию улучшить управление инновациями