A formalização do rompimento com o princípio da proteção e com a indisponibilidade dos direitos trabalhistas: O plano de demissão voluntária na reforma trabalhista

In the present article, using the inductive method, the insertion of article 477-B in the Consolidation of Labor Laws by Labor Reform is analyzed, and how the positivization of the Voluntary Dismissal Plan may represent a threat to the guiding principles and rules of the Labor Law, in particular the Principle of Protection and Unavailability of Labor Rights. To this end, we seek to contextualize the new article 477-B, within the scope of the changes brought by Law 13.467 / 17, and the tendency for deregulation and flexibility in the Labor Law. Thus, the positivization of the Voluntary Dismissal Plan is presented as a categorical manifestation of the breach with the protection afforded to the employee and, as will be demonstrated, with the dignity of the human person.Pesquisa sem auxílio de agências de fomentoTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)No presente artigo, utilizando-se do método indutivo, analisa-se a inserção do artigo 477-B na Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho pela reforma trabalhista, e como a positivação do Plano de Demissão Voluntária pode representar uma ameaça aos princípios e regras norteadores do Direito do Trabalho, em especial o Princípio da Proteção e da Indisponibilidade dos Direitos Trabalhistas. Para tanto, busca-se contextualizar o novo artigo 477-B, no âmbito das alterações trazidas pela Lei 13.467/17, e a tendência de desregulamentação e flexibilização do Direito de Trabalho. Assim, a positivação do Plano de Demissão Voluntária apresenta-se como manifestação categórica do rompimento com a proteção conferida ao empregado e, conforme se demonstrará, com a dignidade da pessoa humana

Assessment of acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Lychnophora pinaster (Brazilian arnica)

AbstractSpecies of the Lychnophora genus are plants native to Brazil, popularly known as “Brazilian arnica” and used in folk medicine as alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic preparations for the treatment of bruises, inflammation, pain, rheumatism and insect bites. The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the use of Lychnophora pinaster Mart., Asteraceae. Acute toxicity of the crude ethanolic extract was evaluated by administration of the extract by oral route to male and female Swiss mice. A single extract dose of 125, 250 or 500mg/kg was administered and the effects on spontaneous locomotor activity, exploratory behavior, muscle strength, body weight, food and water consumption, relative organ weight, histology, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated. The three doses administered to the animals did not cause muscle tone alterations, but doses of 250 and 500mg/kg induced a significant inhibition of the spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of the animals in open-field test. There was no alteration to hematological parameters and consumption of water and food, body weight variation and organs relative weight. Changes were observed in AST and ALT during assessment of biochemical parameters. The histopathological evaluation showed that the extract provoked cellular alterations, such as vacuolar degeneration and inflammation in kidneys and liver at all doses. Liver morphometric analyses of male and female mice showed that the extract did not have dose-dependent effects. Although females showed a significant increase in inflammatory cells, the effect was not dose-dependent

O ENSINO DE PLANTAS E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS NA AMAZÔNIA

O presente trabalho corresponde a uma prática  de Educação Ambiental na Escola   Municipal de Ensino Fundamental e Infantil Zacarias Castro de Araújo localizada no município de Salvaterra-PA, tendo como objetivo envolver a comunidade escolar em questões ambientais; sensibilização com a natureza e sobretudo na problemática que envolve o descarte dos resíduos orgânicos e inorgânicos no meio ambiente sem orientação e o estudo das plantas. Nesse contexto, atualmente ainda persiste uma resistência em inserir nas escolas seja em qualquer nível educacional práticas diferenciadas a partir das temáticas transversais, tais como a Educação Ambiental, sobreposta nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (1997), onde defende que a escola deve ser um espaço de construção de conhecimento sistematizado, valores, cidadania e também para o despertar do cuidado socioambiental. A prática metodológica se deu com o procedimento da compostagem feita pelos alunos e posteriormente, contribuiu para a construção e adubo para horta escolar e o estudo dos vegetais presente na horta. O público-alvo foram alunos do 3° ano do ensino fundamental menor. Constatou-se que pode utilizar a compostagem como ferramenta de educação ambiental no processo de ensino/aprendizagem possibilitando a participação da comunidade escolar na práxis de educação ambiental

Work Context and Burnout syndrome in the nursing team of the Family Health Strategy

Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre o contexto de trabalho e a Síndrome de Burnout dos profissionais de enfermagem da Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município mineiro. Método: Estudo seccional, de abordagem quantitativa. O grupo de estudo foi composto por 50 profissionais de enfermagem que responderam o questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional, Escala de Avaliação de Contexto de Trabalho (EACT) e Inventário da Síndrome de Burnout. Foram utilizadas análises exploratória e bivariada, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A dimensão Exaustão Emocional apresentou correlações significativas com todos os fatores da EACT; Despersonalização apresentou diferença com as Relações Socioprofissionais e Organização do Trabalho; Diminuição da Realização Pessoal correlacionou-se com Organização do Trabalho. Conclusão: Quanto pior sejam as condições e organização do trabalho e as relações socioprofissionais, maior a possibilidade de insatisfação, desenvolvimento de atitudes de insensibilidade, adoecimento e exaustão emocional do profissional de enfermagem da atenção primária.Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre el medio ambiente de trabajo y el personal de enfermería de la familia de un pueblo minero Estrategia de Salud Síndrome de Burnout. Método: Estudio transversal con un enfoque cuantitativo. El grupo de estudio estuvo compuesto por 50 profesionales de enfermería que respondieron al cuestionario sobre la escala sociodemográfica y profesional Evaluación Contexto Trabajo (EACT) e Inventario Síndrome de Burnout. Se utilizaron análisis exploratorios y bivariadas, considerando un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados: escala de Agotamiento emocional correlacionó significativamente con todos los factores de EACT; La despersonalización era diferente de las relaciones socioprofesional y la organización del trabajo; Disminución de Cumplimiento correlacionado con la Organización del Trabajo. Conclusión: Lo peor son las condiciones y la organización del trabajo y las relaciones socioeconómicas, mayor será la posibilidad de insatisfacción, el desarrollo de actitudes de endurecimiento, la enfermedad y la atención primaria emocional de enfermera agotamiento.Purpose: Investigate the relationship between the working conditions and the Burnout Syndrome of nursing professionals of Family Health Strategy town of Minas Gerais. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. The study group was composed of 50 nursing professionals who answered the questionnaire of sociodemographic and professional, Work Context Assessment Scale (EACT) and Maslach Inventory Burnout. Exploratory and bivariate analyzes were used at 5% significance level. Results: The dimension Emotional Exhaustion was significantly correlated with all factors of EACT; Depersonalization presented diference with the Socio-professional Relations and Work Organization; Decreased Personal accomplishment correlated with Labour Organization. Conclusion: Worst are the conditions and organization of work and the socio-professional relations, the greater the possibility of dissatisfaction, development of nonchalance attitudes, disease and emotional exhaustion among nursing professionals in primary care

Cannabidiol Attenuates Sensorimotor Gating Disruption and Molecular Changes Induced by Chronic Antagonism of NMDA receptors in Mice

Background: Preclinical and clinical data suggest that cannabidiol (CBD), a major non-psychotomimetic compound from Cannabis sativa, induces antipsychotic-like effects. However, the antipsychotic properties of repeated CBD treatment have been poorly investigated. Behavioral changes induced by repeated treatment with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists have been proposed as an animal model of schizophrenia-like signs. In the present study, we evaluated if repeated treatment with CBD would attenuate the behavioral and molecular modifications induced by chronic administration of one of these antagonists, MK-801. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice received daily i.p. injections of MK-801 (0.1, 0.5, or 1mg/kg) for 14, 21, or 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last injection, animals were submitted to the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test. After that, we investigated if repeated treatment with CBD (15, 30, and 60mg/kg) would attenuate the PPI impairment induced by chronic treatment with MK-801 (1mg/kg; 28 days). CBD treatment began on the 6th day after the start of MK-801 administration and continued until the end of the treatment. Immediately after the PPI, the mice brains were removed and processed to evaluate the molecular changes. We measured changes in FosB/ΔFosB and parvalbumin (PV) expression, a marker of neuronal activity and a calciumbinding protein expressed in a subclass of GABAergic interneurons, respectively. Changes in mRNA expression of the NMDAR GluN1 subunit gene (GRN1) were also evaluated. CBD effects were compared to those induced by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. Results: MK-801 administration at the dose of 1mg/kg for 28 days impaired PPI responses. Chronic treatment with CBD (30 and 60mg/kg) attenuated PPI impairment. MK-801 treatment increased FosB/ΔFosB expression and decreased PV expression in the medial prefrontal cortex. A decreased mRNA level of GRN1 in the hippocampus was also observed. All the molecular changes were attenuated by CBD. CBD by itself did not induce any effect. Moreover, CBD effects were similar to those induced by repeated clozapine treatment

Combinatorial delivery of doxorubicin and acridine orange by gold core silica shell nanospheres functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol) and 4- methoxybenzamide for cancer targeted therapy

Combinatorial therapies based on the simultaneous administration of multiple drugs can lead to synergistic effects, increasing the efficacy of the cancer therapy. However, it is crucial to develop new delivery systems that can increase the drugs' therapeutic selectivity and efficacy. Gold core silica shell (AuMSS) nanoparticles present physicochemical properties that allow their simultaneous application as drug delivery and imaging agents. Herein, poly(ethylene glycol) was modified with 4-methoxybenzamide and 3- (triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (TPANIS) to create a novel surface functionalization capable of improving the colloidal stability and specificity of AuMSS nanospheres towards cancer cells. Moreover, a dual drug combination based on Doxorubicin (DOX) and Acridine orange (AO) was characterized and administered using the AuMSS-TPANIS nanospheres. The obtained results show that the DOX:AO drug combination can mediate a synergistic therapeutic effect in both HeLa and MCF-7 cells, particularly at the 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 ratios. Otherwise, the TPANIS functionalization increased the AuMSS nanospheres colloidal stability and selectivity towards MCF-7 cancer cells (overexpressing sigma receptors). Such also resulted in an enhanced cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells when administering the DOX:AO drug combination with the AuMSSTPANIS nanospheres. Overall, the obtained results confirm the therapeutic potential of the DOX:AO drug combination as well as the targeting capacity of AuMSS-TPANIS, supporting its application in the cancer targeted combinatorial chemotherapy.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Análise comparativa da radiopacidade do MTA e cimento Portland nos sistemas radiográficos digitais e convencionais

Introduction: The present study aimed evaluates objectively the radiopacity of MTA and Portland Cement (PC) in conventional and digital radiographic systems. Methods: Five test specimens for each material had been confectioned with 10mm of diameter and 2mm of thickness and exposed on a E/F Kodak Insight film together with a lead plate and step wedge in a focus-film distance of 40cm, device of 70kVp, 8mA and time of exposition of 0,4 and 0,2 second for the conventional and digital system respectively. The optic densities were measured in the radiograph and the values of pixels, in the digital images. For each exposure a graph was made of the measured values versus mmAl, to generate a radiopacity curve of the step wedge steps, obtaining the correspondence in equivalence of mmAl of the studied materials. Results: The statistical test of Mann-Whitney showed statistical significant difference between the radiopacity of MTA and PC, whereas it did not between the gotten results in the radiographical systems. Conclusions: MTA can be used in odontologic clinic because showed radiopacity inside of the standards demanded by specification N○ 57 of the American National Standards/ American Dental Association, whereas PC, not. Therefore, it is necessary the addition of radiopacificators in PC in attempt to increase its radiopacity which is an essential property of odontologic cements.Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a radiopacidade do Agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) e Cimento Portland (PC) em imagens radiográficas convencionais e digitais a fim de verificar se estão em conformidade com a especificação ANSI / ADA. Materiais e Métodos: Cinco corpos de prova para cada material com 10mm de diâmetro, 1mm de espessura e um penetrômetro foram expostos a 70kVp, 8mA a uma distância foco-filme de 30cm. Os tempos de exposição foram 0,4 e 0,2 s para o filme Insight Kodak e sistema digital CR Kodak 7400, respectivamente. A densidade óptica foi medida na radiografia através de um fotodensitômetro e o valor de pixel foi obtido para as imagens digitais. Um gráfico dos valores obtidos versus mmAl foi elaborado a fim de gerar uma curva de radiopacidade dos degraus do penetrômetro, obtendo a correspondência em equivalência de mmAl dos materiais estudados Um gráfico foi feito para os valores medidos em comparação mmAl, a fim de gerar uma curva de radiopacidade dos passos penetrômetro, obtendo-se a correspondência de equivalência de mmAl dos materiais estudados. Resultados: O teste estatístico de Mann-Whitney mostrou diferença estatística significativa na radiopacidade entre MTA e PC, tanto no sistema convencional (valor p = 0,009) e digital(valor p = 0,009). O mesmo teste também mostrou diferença estatística significativa entre os sistemas convencionais e digitais em ambos os materiais (p = 0,016 valueMTA-e p-valuecp = 0,009). Conclusões: MTA e CP não apresentaram radiopacidade dentro dos padrões exigidos pela especificação N ○ 57 do American National Standards / American Dental Association

Influência da limpeza do forame apical no reparo de lesões periapicais

Introduction: The present study sought to assess the effect of apical foramen cleaning in the repair of periapical lesions detected by radiography. Methods: The sample comprised 980 teeth collected from 25 February 1997 to 15 March 2005 which had been subjected to endodontic treatment and exhibited radiographically visible periapical lesions. The sample was then divided into two groups: Group I, 402 root canal treatments in which cleaning of the apical foramen had not been performed, and Group II, composed of the remaining 578 root canal treatments where the procedure had been performed. After one year, the teeth were clinically and radiographically evaluated. Results: In Group I, 360 canals (89.55%) had no evidence of periapical lesions, versus 521 (90.13%) in Group II. Partial presence of these lesions was observed in 23 canals (5.72%) in Group I versus 27 (4.67%) in Group II. No changes in images were observed in 19 (4.72%) canals in Group I and 30 in Group II. Pearson’s chi-square test showed no statistically significant difference between the Groups I and II (p = 0.732). Conclusions: These findings suggest that foramen cleaning is not a determinant of periapical lesion repair.Objetivo: O presente estudo procurou acessar o efeito da limpeza do forame apical no reparo de lesões periapicais detectadas radiograficamente. Materiais e métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de 980 dentes selecionados de 25 de fevereiro de 1997 a 15 de março de 2005 que foram submetidos a tratamento endodôntico e exibiram lesões periapicais radiograficamente visíveis. A amostra foi então dividida em dois grupos: Grupo I, 402 tratamentos de canal em que a limpeza do forame apical não foi realizada, e Grupo II, composto pelos 578 dentes restantes onde o procedimento foi realizado. Após um ano, os dentes foram clínica e radiograficamente avaliados. Resultados: No Grupo I, 360 canais (89,55%) não tiveram evidência de lesões periapicais, versus 521 (90,13%) no Grupo II. Presença parcial dessas lesões foi observada em 23 canais (5,72%) no Grupo I versus 27 (4,67%) no Grupo II. O teste qui-quadrado de Pearson não demonstrou significância estatística entre os Grupos I e II (p=0,732). Conclusões: Estes achados sugerem que a limpeza do forame apical não é um determinante para o reparo de lesão periapical

Effectiveness of atrazine on populations of capim navalha and selectivity of two varieties of pastagem

O Paspalum virgatum L. é uma planta daninha comum de pastagens e possui difícil controle, principalmente devido sua semelhança com as forrageiras. As técnicas convencionais como gradagem e replantio da pastagem têm sido insatisfatórias no controle desta planta daninha. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle do capim-navalha (P. virgatum L.) à atrazine aplicada em pré-emergência, por meio de curva dose-resposta e a seletividade deste herbicida nas pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. Foram realizados três experimentos independentes, com cada espécie, em dois tipos de solo (Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico - LVAd de textura franco-argilosa e Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico - PVAd de textura franca), utilizando a escala percentual de notas para verificar o controle do capim-navalha e a fitotoxicidade nas forrageiras e massa seca no final dos experimentos. A atrazine controlou o capim-navalha, desde os 15 dias após a aplicação (DAA), nas doses abaixo da recomendação do fabricante (250 e 500 g ha-1 i.a.). Contudo, apesar dos sintomas de fitotoxicidade causados pela atrazine, houve retomada de crescimento aos 60 DAA tanto para B. brizantha cv. Marandu quanto para P. maximum cv. Mombaça. Houve menor fitotoxicidade às pastagens no solo de textura franco‑argilosa em relação ao solo de textura franca. A atrazine proporcionou controle eficiente do P. virgatum L. (500 g ha-1 i.a.) quando aplicada em pré-emergência e seletividade para B. brizantha cv. Marandu (<2.000 g ha-1 i.a.) e P. maximum cv. Mombaça (<500 g ha-1 i.a.).Paspalum virgatum L. is a grass weed common in pasture and has difficult control, mainly due to its similarity to forage. Conventional techniques such as grazing and replanting of pasture have been unsatisfactory in the control of this weed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the control of the razor-blade grass (P. virgatum L.) at the pre-emergence atrazine, by means of a dose‑response curve and the selectivity of this herbicide in the pastures of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa. Three independent experiments were carried out with each species on two types of soils (Dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol - LVAd with loamy clay texture and Dystrophic Yellow Red Argisol - loamy texture PVAd), using the percentage grading scale to verify the control of the and herbage phytotoxicity and dry mass at the end of the experiments. Atrazine controlled the razor blade from 15 days after application (DAA) at doses below the manufacturer’s recommendation (250 and 500 g ha-1 i.a.). However, despite the phytotoxicity symptoms caused by atrazine, there was a resumption of growth at 60 DAA for both B. brizantha cv. Marandu and P. maximum cv. Mombasa. There was less phytotoxicity to pastures in the soil of loamy clay texture than the loamy texture soil. The atrazine provided efficient control of P. virgatum L. (500 g ha-1 i.a.) when applied in pre-emergence and selectivity to B. brizantha cv. Marandu (<2,000 g ha-1 i.a.) and P. maximum cv. Mombasa (<500 g ha-1 i.a.)

Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite plus EDTA Compared with Peracetic Acid in Removing Smear Layer and Killing Enterococcus faecalis

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite associated with 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOCl-EDTA), versus that of 1% peracetic acid (PA), in removing the smear layer, as assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in exerting bactericidal action against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), as assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Methods and Materials: Fifty-five extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were selected, and divided into two experimental groups (NaOCl-EDTA and PA; n=25) and one control group (0.9% saline; n=5). Pre- and post-instrumentation samples were collected and assessed for the presence of E. faecalis using real-time PCR. The teeth were instrumented using hand files and the ProTaper Universal system (hybrid technique) for a standardized time of 7 min. A total of 20 mL of NaOCl followed by 5 mL of EDTA were applied during instrumentation in the NaOCl-EDTA group, whereas 20 mL of PA and 20 mL of saline were applied in the PA and control groups, respectively. An additional 5 mL of saline was applied in all the groups to neutralize the environment. A scoring system was used to conduct the SEM assessment. The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, complemented by Dunn's test (SEM analysis) (P&lt;0.05). Results: A significant microbial reduction was observed in both the PA and the NaOCl-EDTA groups (P&lt;0.05). In the PA group, the presence of a smear layer in the apical third was significantly greater than in the cervical third (P&lt;0.05); no significant differences were observed between the middle and cervical thirds, or between the middle and apical thirds (P&gt;0.05). In the NaOCl-EDTA group, the smear layer scores were significantly higher in the apical third than in the cervical and middle thirds (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that there was no significant difference between PA and NaOCl-EDTA irrigation regimens regarding either antimicrobial action against E. faecalis or removal of the smear layer, except for greater removal in the middle third by the NaOCl-EDTA group.Keywords: Endodontic Irrigation; Enterococcus faecalis; Peracetic Acid; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium Hypochlorite