Stock price modeling and insider trading theory

The mathematical study of stock price modeling using Brownian motion and stochastic calculus is a relatively new field. The randomness of financial markets, geometric brownian motions, martingale theory, Ito\u27s lemma, enlarged filtrations, and Girsanov\u27s theorem provided the motivation for a simple characterization of the concepts of stock price modeling. This work presents the theory of stochastic calculus and its use in the financial market. The problems on which we focus are the models of an investor\u27s portfolio of stocks with and without the possibility of insider trading, opportunities for fair pricing of an option, enlarged filtrations, consumptions, and admissibility. This survey has two parts. The first part explores the theoretical aspects of stochastic calculus, and the second part shows its application in predicting stock prices and the wealth of an investor\u27s portfolio

The Physical Uplift of the Race: The Emergence of the African American Physical Culture Movement, 1900-1930

My dissertation, “The Physical Uplift of the Race: The Emergence of the African American Physical Culture Movement, 1900—1930,” situates the early twentieth century of African American physical culture within a historical narrative that shaped philosophical viewpoints of African American urban community development. Previous inquiries of related topics attempt to describe a physical culture movement that was somehow separate and apart from the larger historical narrative of African people in the United States. My work does not continue in that vein. My objective is to illustrate how the black physical culture movement was primarily a reaction to African Americans’ new geo-political realities and communal aspirations as they began to establish communities outside of the rural South. In part one of my dissertation I interrogate the relationship between the African-American physical culture movement and black social scientists’ investigations social issues that plagued the increasingly urbanizing black population at the turn of the twentieth century. I argue that black social reformers adopted aspects of the physical culture movement to remedy issues related to poor health, inadequate childcare, inadequate education, and youthful mischief. I conclude this section by arguing that, despite their early achievements in spreading movement aims, on the eve of Depression era, black physical culture proponents began to compete with the spoils of their own success. This last point has great implications for modern African American student-athletes and the communities who support them. In part two I analyze the black playground movement as a manifestation of “race adjustment” as depicted within the pages of Baltimore’s Afro-American newspaper. My first argument is that from 1909 to 1925, the Afro-American, which began as one of the most important black periodicals, became increasingly disillusioned with the idea of reaching an accommodation with the larger white population. This is evidenced by its evolving definition of the term race adjustment and the newspaper’s subsequent advocacy for race progress. My second argument is that the Afro, which had been known as an overtly political instrument for black self-determination, adopted as one of its principal campaigns the construction of playgrounds for reasons related to race advancement. I conclude by arguing that the struggle to erect playgrounds in black Baltimore unfolded in ways that differed greatly from the effort to establish playgrounds for white and European immigrant youth. My epilogue outlines some areas for future research

DEGRADABLE ZINC MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON BIOCOMPATIBILITY IN AN IN-VIVO MURINE MODEL

Biodegradable stents based on zinc have been under development since their introduction in 2013. While metallic zinc is highly ductile, it unfortunately lacks the mechanical strength required for arterial stents. This has led to the development of an abundance of novel zinc-based materials, with the aim of improving the mechanical strength without sacrificing too much ductility. Although these materials are intended to function and slowly degrade within an artery, most zinc-based materials have been developed without deep consideration for their biological effects. The present work explores the biological effects elicited by zinc-based materials implanted within the arterial system. The biological effects of degradable arterial implants were characterized in terms of quantifiable metrics, including neointimal area, implant to lumen thickness, and base neointimal length. These metrics were used to clarify relationships between material characteristics, including surface oxide film stability, elemental composition, and microstructure, with biological responses. The metrics were also used to compare materials in terms of their biocompatibility. In addition to evaluating biocompatibility, beneficial elements identified by these approaches can be further investigated for their therapeutic value, since all the elements in the implant will be released due to implant degradation. The combined work makes it possible to screen materials in terms of their biocompatibility and provides fundamental insights that impact the metallurgical design of materials

MAMS: High resolution atmospheric moisture/surface properties

Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS) data collected from a number of U2/ER2 aircraft flights were used to investigate atmospheric and surface (land) components of the hydrologic cycle. Algorithms were developed to retrieve surface and atmospheric geophysical parameters which describe the variability of atmospheric moisture, its role in cloud and storm development, and the influence of surface moisture and heat sources on convective activity. Techniques derived with MAMS data are being applied to existing satellite measurements to show their applicability to regional and large process studies and their impact on operational forecasting

Electron‐Diffraction Study of Ammonia and Deuteroammonia

The gas‐phase structures of NH3 and ND3 molecules were determined by the sector‐microphotometer method of electron diffraction. The following internuclear distances rgrg and mean amplitudes lele with estimated standard errors were obtained: For NH3, rg(N − H)  =  1.0302 ± 0.002Å,rg(H − H)  =  1.662 ± 0.010Å,le(N − H)  =  0.0731 ± 0.002Å,le(H − H)  =  0.125 ± 0.006Årg(N−H)=1.0302±0.002Å,rg(H−H)=1.662±0.010Å,le(N−H)=0.0731±0.002Å,le(H−H)=0.125±0.006Å, and for ND3, rg(N − D)  =  1.0266 ± 0.003Å,rg(D − D)  =  1.654 ± 0.008Å,le(N − D)  =  0.0611 ± 0.002Å,le(D − D)  =  0.101 ± 0.006Årg(N−D)=1.0266±0.003Å,rg(D−D)=1.654±0.008Å,le(N−D)=0.0611±0.002Å,le(D−D)=0.101±0.006Å, with the parameter κκ representing bond‐stretching anharmonicity fixed at 1.0 × 10−5 and 0.5 × 10−5 Å3 for N☒H and N☒D, respectively. Effects of anharmonicity and isotope differences in the structural parameters analogous to those in CH4 and CD4 were observed. The rα0rα0 and rere bond distances calculated from the above rgrg distances are found to be consistent with the corresponding rzrz and rere distances derived from the spectroscopic rotational constants of Benedict and Plyler. The isotope effects reported by Bell and by Halevi for the dipole moment and polarizability of ammonia are discussed briefly in the light of the present results.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69943/2/JCPSA6-49-6-2488-1.pd

Influence of metal oxides on biocompatibility of additively manufactured NiTi

In order to properly satisfy biomedical constraints for cardiovascular applications, additively manufactured NiTi scaffolds required further process and metallurgical engineering. Additively manufactured NiTi materials for cardiovascular use will have to undergo surface finishing in order to minimize negative surface interactions within the artery. In this study, we sought to understand biocompatibility from chemically etched additively manufactured NiTi scaffolds by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Although two distinct oxide films were created in the surface etching process (labeled CP-A and CP-B), no qualitative changes in microroughness were seen between the two conditions. CP-A possessed significantly less Ni at the surface (0.19 at. %) than the CP-B group (3.30 at. %), via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, alongside a concomitant shift in the O1 s peak presentation alluding to a greater formation of a Ni based oxide in the CP-B group. Our live dead staining revealed significant toxicity and reduced cellular attachment for the CP-B group, in addition to inducing more cell lysis (20.9 ± 5.1%), which was significantly increased when compared to CP-A (P < 0.01). Future practices of manufacturing NiTi scaffolds using LPBF should focus on producing surface films that are not only smooth, but free of cytotoxic Ni based oxides

MODELING JET INTERACTIONS WITH THE AMBIENT MEDIUM

Recent high-resolution (see, e.g., [13]) observations of astrophysical jets reveal complex structures apparently caused by ejecta from the central engine as the ejecta interact with the surrounding interstellar material. These observations include time-lapsed “movies” of both AGN and microquasars jets which also show that the jet phenomena are highly time-dependent. Such observations can be used to inform models of the jet–ambient-medium interactions. Based on an analysis of these data, we posit that a significant part of the observed phenomena come from the interaction of the ejecta with prior ejecta as well as interstellar material. In this view, astrophysical jets interact with the ambient medium through which they propagate, entraining and accelerating it. We show some elements of the modeling of these jets in this paper, including energy loss and heating via plasma processes, and large scale hydrodynamic and relativistic hydrodynamic simulations

MAMS data for the Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX)

During the fall of 1993, NASA sponsored a field program called the Convection And Moisture Experiment (CAMEX). The field effort focused on: convective storms in order to investigate their associated electrical properties, precipitation, and predictability, and atmospheric moisture studies. The data collected from the Multispectral Atmospheric Mapping Sensor (MAMS) onboard a NASA ER-2 aircraft which was deployed out of NASA/Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, from 11 Sep. through 7 Oct., 1993, is described

THE PERSISTENCE OF INFERENCES IN MEMORY FOR YOUNGER AND OLDER ADULTS

Younger and older adults’ susceptibility to the continued influence of inferences in memory was examined using a paradigm implemented by Wilkes and Leatherbarrow. Research has shown that younger adults have difficulty forgetting inferences they make after reading a passage, even if the information that the inferences are based on is later shown to be untrue. The current study examined the effects of these inferences on memory in the lab and tested whether older adults, like younger adults, are influenced by the lingering effects of these false inferences. In addition, this study examined the nature of these inferences, by examining younger and older adults’ subjective experiences and confidence associated with factual recall and incorrect inference recall. Results showed that younger and older adults are equally susceptible to the continued influence of inferences. Both younger and older adults gave primarily remember judgments to factual questions but primarily believe judgments to inference questions. This is an important finding because it demonstrates that people may go against what they remember or know occurred because of a lingering belief that the information might still be true. Also, the finding that participants do actually give more believe responses to inference questions is important because it demonstrates that there is a third state of awareness that people will readily use when making inferences. Participants were also more confident when making remember and know judgments compared to believe judgments. This is an interesting finding because it supports the theory that both remember and know judgments can be associated with high confidence

Hepatic cell mobilization for protection against ischemic myocardial injury

The heart is capable of activating protective mechanisms in response to ischemic injury to support myocardial survival and performance. These mechanisms have been recognized primarily in the ischemic heart, involving paracrine signaling processes. Here, we report a distant cardioprotective mechanism involving hepatic cell mobilization to the ischemic myocardium in response to experimental myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (MI-R) injury. A parabiotic mouse model was generated by surgical skin-union of two mice and used to induce bilateral MI-R injury with unilateral hepatectomy, establishing concurrent gain- and loss-of-hepatic cell mobilization conditions. Hepatic cells, identified based on the cell-specific expression of enhanced YFP, were found in the ischemic myocardium of parabiotic mice with intact liver (0.2 ± 0.1%, 1.1 ± 0.3%, 2.7 ± 0.6, and 0.7 ± 0.4% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 days, respectively, in reference to the total cell nuclei), but not significantly in the ischemic myocardium of parabiotic mice with hepatectomy (0 ± 0%, 0.1 ± 0.1%, 0.3 ± 0.2%, and 0.08 ± 0.08% at the same time points). The mobilized hepatic cells were able to express and release trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), a protein mitigating MI-R injury as demonstrated in TFF3−/− mice (myocardium infarcts 17.6 ± 2.3%, 20.7 ± 2.6%, and 15.3 ± 3.8% at 1, 5, and 10 days, respectively) in reference to wildtype mice (11.7 ± 1.9%, 13.8 ± 2.3%, and 11.0 ± 1.8% at the same time points). These observations suggest that MI-R injury can induce hepatic cell mobilization to support myocardial survival by releasing TFF3