Design and exploration of university fluid simulation course

With the development of the times, fluid simulation technology has been used in university courses. As many university courses are too theoretical and difficult to understand, in order to achieve better learning results, the author believes that visualizing abstract concepts with simulation tools can help promote the course and enable students to achieve ideal learning results. This course introduces CFD, a fluid simulation tool. Through learning this course, students can more deeply understand the principles of fluid mechanics and enhance their understanding and application ability of theoretical knowledge through simulation practice

Consumption of Oxidized Soybean Oil Increased Intestinal Oxidative Stress and Affected Intestinal Immune Variables in Yellow-feathered Broilers

This study investigated the effect of oxidized soybean oil in the diet of young chickens on growth performance and intestinal oxidative stress, and indices of intestinal immune function. Corn-soybean-based diets containing 2% mixtures of fresh and oxidized soybean oil provided 6 levels (0.15, 1.01, 3.14, 4.95, 7.05, and 8.97 meqO2/kg) of peroxide value (POV) in the diets. Each dietary treatment, fed for 22 d, had 6 replicates, each containing 30 birds (n = 1,080). Increasing POV levels reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the broilers during d 1 to 10, body weight and average daily gain at d 22 but did not affect overall ADFI. Concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in plasma and jejunum as POV increased but total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) declined in plasma and jejunum. Catalase (CAT) activity declined in plasma and jejunum as did plasma glutathione S-transferase (GST). Effects were apparent at POV exceeding 3.14 meqO2/kg for early ADFI and MDA in jejunum, and POV exceeding 1.01 meqO2/kg for CAT in plasma and jejunum, GST in plasma and T-AOC in jejunum. Relative jejunal abundance of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) P50 and NF-κB P65 increased as dietary POV increased. Increasing POV levels reduced the jejunal concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 and CD8 molecules with differences from controls apparent at dietary POV of 3.14 to 4.95 meqO2/kg. These findings indicated that growth performance, feed intake, and the local immune system of the small intestine were compromised by oxidative stress when young broilers were fed moderately oxidized soybean oil

Composition and Functions of Highland Barley Bran with Different Milling Rates

For a better understanding of the difference in functional components and functions among different parts of highland barley bran, the contents of protein, β-glucan and polyphenol, antioxidant activity, and alkyl radical intensity in highland barley bran with various milling rates were compared. The results showed that the contents of total protein, albumin, globulin, glutenin, free polyphenol, bound polyphenol, free flavone, bound flavone and condensed tannin first increased and then decreased with increasing milling rate. Protein mainly existed in bran flour with a milling rate of 17.74% and 19.22%. Bran flour with 9.7% milling rate had the highest phenol content, and the trend in antioxidant activity was consistent with that in the content of phenols. The contents of β-glucan and gliadin increased from outside to inside, and reached the highest value at a milling rate of 25.99%. Alkyl radical intensity was significantly higher at 1.54%–5.84% milling rates than at 7.67%–25.99% milling rates, indicating a higher susceptibility to oxidation. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the deep processing of different layers of highland barley bran

Identification of Key Genes and Pathways in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Using Microarray Analysis

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by impaired fear extinction, excessive anxiety, and depression. However, the potential pathogenesis and cause of PTSD are not fully understood. Hence, the purpose of this study was to identify key genes and pathway involved in PTSD and reveal underlying molecular mechanisms by using bioinformatics analysis.Methods: The mRNA microarray expression profile dataset was retrieved and downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using GEO2R. Gene ontology (GO) was used for gene function annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was performed for enrichment analysis. Subsequently, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis by the plugin MCODE were mapped by Cytoscape software. Finally, these key genes were verified in stress-exposed models by Real-Time quantitative (qRT-PCR). In addition, we performed text mining among the key genes and pathway with PTSD by using COREMINE.Results: A total of 1004 DEGs were identified. Gene functional annotations and enrichment analysis indicated that the most associated pathway was closely related to the Wnt signaling pathway. Using PPI network and module analysis, we identified a group of “seed” genes. These genes were further verified by qRT-PCR. In addition, text mining indicated that the altered CYP1A2, SYT1, and NLGN1 affecting PTSD might work via the Wnt signaling pathway.Conclusion: By using bioinformatics analysis, we identified a number of genes and relevant pathway which may represent key mechanisms associated with PTSD. However, these findings require verification in future experimental studies

Complement and the Alternative Pathway Play an Important Role in LPS/D-GalN-Induced Fulminant Hepatic Failure

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) is a clinically severe type of liver injury with an extremely high mortality rate. Although the pathological mechanisms of FHF are not well understood, evidence suggests that the complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of liver disorders. In the present study, to investigate the role of complement in FHF, we examined groups of mice following intraperitoneal injection of LPS/D-GalN: wild-type C57BL/6 mice, wild-type mice treated with a C3aR antagonist, C5aR monoclonal antibody (C5aRmAb) or CR2-Factor H (CR2-fH, an inhibitor of the alternative pathway), and C3 deficient mice (C3−/− mice). The animals were euthanized and samples analyzed at specific times after LPS/D-GalN injection. The results show that intraperitoneal administration of LPS/D-GalN activated the complement pathway, as evidenced by the hepatic deposition of C3 and C5b-9 and elevated serum levels of the complement activation product C3a, the level of which was associated with the severity of the liver damage. C3a receptor (C3aR) and C5a receptor (C5aR) expression was also upregulated. Compared with wild-type mice, C3−/− mice survived significantly longer and displayed reduced liver inflammation and attenuated pathological damage following LPS/D-GalN injection. Similar levels of protection were seen in mice treated with C3aR antagonist,C5aRmAb or CR2-fH. These data indicate an important role for the C3a and C5a generated by the alternative pathway in LPS/D-GalN-induced FHF. The data further suggest that complement inhibition may be an effective strategy for the adjunctive treatment of fulminant hepatic failure

Research on a 3-DOF Motion Device Based on the Flexible Mechanism Driven by the Piezoelectric Actuators

This paper describes the innovative design of a three-dimensional (3D) motion device based on a flexible mechanism, which is used primarily to produce accurate and fast micro-displacement. For example, the rapid contact and separation of the tool and the workpiece are realized by the operation of the 3D motion device in the machining process. This paper mainly concerns the device performance. A theoretical model for the static performance of the device was established using the matrix-based compliance modeling (MCM) method, and the static characteristics of the device were numerically simulated by finite element analysis (FEA). The Lagrangian principle and the finite element analysis method for device dynamics are used for prediction to obtain the natural frequency of the device. Under no-load conditions, the dynamic response performance and linear motion performance of the three directions were tested and analyzed with different input signals, and three sets of vibration trajectories were obtained. Finally, the scratching experiment was carried out. The detection of the workpiece reveals a pronounced periodic texture on the surface, which verifies that the vibration device can generate an ideal 3D vibration trajectory

Polishing trajectory planning of three-dimensional vibration assisted finishing the structured surface

There are extremely wide application fields for the structured surface because of excellent properties. Sometimes it must be polished finally in order to meet the practical requirements. It is very meaningful to explore a kind of vibration assisted polishing method suitable for the structured surface because vibration-assisted machining has been widely proved an effective finishing technology. A novel three-dimensional vibration assisted polishing technology is put forward in this work, and the polishing trajectory planning about finishing the structured surface is also further investigated. This polishing system consists of two parts: the machine tool and a three-dimensional vibration device. The machine tool provides the machining path, and the three-dimensional vibration device provides the vibration locus. The three-dimensional polishing trajectory is generated skillfully by combining machining path and vibration locus. When the parameters about workpiece surface and two-dimensional vibration are given, the projection method is proposed in this study to establish the models about the vibration locus and polishing trajectory in three-dimensional space. The effects of phase and frequency on the distribution features of the polishing trajectory are analyzed by using the simulation results in detail. It is concluded that the phase has effects on the local distribution density of the polishing trajectory, and the vibration frequency has effects on the shape of the polishing trajectory. The polishing trajectory suitable for the harmonic mesh surface is presented. Many polishing experiments were carried out, and the experimental results show that this three-dimensional vibration polishing technique is very suitable for polishing the structured surface

The chloroplast genome of silk floss tree (Ceiba speciosa)

Ceiba speciosa (Malvaceae), also called silk floss tree, is a beautiful and deciduous tree native to tropical and subtropical forests of South America. Its phylogenetic position remains unclear. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. speciosa was reported. Its chloroplast genome size was 160,360 bp, which contains a small single copy (SSC) region of 19,947 bp and a large single copy region (LSC) of 89,393 bp, and two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,510 bp each. In total, 129 genes were annotated for the chloroplast genome, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that C. speciosa was sister to Bombax ceiba