Employment generation in Brazilian coffee regions

Due to the specific characteristics of coffee production on each of the main Brazilian states producers of arabica (Coffea arabica) and robusta coffee (Coffea canephora), a better understanding of the structural links between production and industrialization of coffee on those states and the national economy can provide subsides for implementation of public policies, essential to plan the coffee production and increase the sector competitiveness. Therefore, this study analyzed the employment generation in production and coffee industrialization in the major Brazilian production regions, based on an inter-regional input-output model, with seven regions, which represent the main coffee-producing states - Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Bahia and Other States - with 44 sectors each, in a system of 308 sectors. The results indicated that the production of robusta coffee is the sector that generates more employments (total) per currency unit, and that arabica production sector is the fourth largest generator of employments, among the 44 sectors considered for the country. The results for each state emphasized the importance of farming and coffee industry for national and state economies.Coffee; Coffee Production; Input-Output

Uncovering the Green, Blue, and Grey Water Footprint and Virtual Water of Biofuel Production in Brazil: A Nexus Perspective

Brazil plays a major role in the global biofuel economy as the world's second largest producer and consumer and the largest exporter of ethanol. Its demand is expected to significantly increase in coming years, largely driven by national and international carbon mitigation targets. However, biofuel crops require significant amounts of water and land resources that could otherwise be used for the production of food, urban water supply, or energy generation. Given Brazil's uneven spatial distribution of water resources among regions, a potential expansion of ethanol production will need to take into account regional or local water availability, as an increased water demand for irrigation would put further pressure on already water-scarce regions and compete with other users. By applying an environmentally extended multiregional input-output (MRIO) approach, we uncover the scarce water footprint and the interregional virtual water flows associated with sugarcane-derived biofuel production driven by domestic final consumption and international exports in 27 states in Brazil. Our results show that bio-ethanol is responsible for about one third of the total sugarcane water footprint besides sugar and other processed food production. We found that richer states such as São Paulo benefit by accruing a higher share of economic value added from exporting ethanol as part of global value chains while increasing water stress in poorer states through interregional trade. We also found that, in comparison with other crops, sugarcane has a comparative advantage when rainfed while showing a comparative disadvantage as an irrigated crop; a tradeoff to be considered when planning irrigation infrastructure and bioethanol production expansion. © 2017 by the authors

Crescimento Econômico E Distribuição De Renda: Uma Análise A Partir Das Estruturas Econômicas Do Brasil Contemporâneo

The aim of this paper is to investigate the dichotomy between economic growth and income distribution in Brazilian economy. Through input output model shocks in exogenous demand of each industry were simulated to determine which one contributes to economic growth and diminishment of Gini income index. The relevance to of each industry to economic growth does not coincide with their relevance for reduction of income inequality

Crescimento Econômico E Distribuição De Renda: Uma Análise A Partir Das Estruturas Econômicas Do Brasil Contemporâneo

The aim of this paper is to investigate the dichotomy between economic growth and income distribution in Brazilian economy. Through input output model shocks in exogenous demand of each industry were simulated to determine which one contributes to economic growth and diminishment of Gini income index. The relevance to of each industry to economic growth does not coincide with their relevance for reduction of income inequality

Impacto De Alterações Nas Exportações Regionais De Açúcar E Álcool Sobre A Economia Do Brasil

This paper estimates the impact of an increase in Brazilian sugar and ethanol demand for exports upon the countries� overall production and employment. The impacts were simulated considering each of the major cane producing areas of the country (Center-South and North-Northeast). An inter-regional input-output matrix for the Brazilian economy was used for that purpose. It was observed that a demand shock, resulting from an expansion of sugar exports presented an impact of greater magnitude upon the countries� production and employment when compared to the impact from an increase in ethanol. In addition, the results indicated that when the impact is generated at the North-Northeastern Brazil, production and employment is more affected than when it begins at the Center-South region of the country. The result of how the economic benefits are propagated, is important to identify policies and establish targets for regional production

Relations Of The Regional Cane Agroindustry With The National Economy: Analysis Applied To The Center-South And North-Northeast

The cane, sugar and ethanol production in Brazil has been divided in two major production regions, the Center-South (CS) and the North-Northeastern (NNE) Brazil. These regions present very different productivity, and henceforth production costs. The Center-South average productivity is higher than 72 tons of cane per hectare, while the average cane production by hectare in the NNE is about 49 tons. The primary objective of the study was to set up the inter-relations between the cane agroindustry with other regional sectors and with the overall Brazilian economy. This framework was used to compare a demand impact of each regional cane agroindustry upon the regional and the overall Brazilian economy. An inter-regional input-output matrix was used to characterize how a regional demand impact affects both, the regional (CS and NNE) and overall Brazilian economies. Rasmussen-Hirschman indexes, together with a pure linkage index, described by Guilhoto et al. (1996), were used for the analysis. In addition, production multipliers, with and without considering endogenous family consumption were estimated. According to these indexes, a positive demand impact upon the cane agroindustry produces a greater impact upon the NNE compared to the CS economy, when income effects are considered, indicating that cane production is more important for the NNE economy than it is for the CS economy. These results can be useful to evaluate and establish priorities for development policies through public policy for the country