Movements in C minor: Vocal Soundscapes in Eastern Amazonia (Araweté)

This article examines the capture of forest spirits through music in the Anĩ pihi speech-songs of the Araweté, a small Amerindian society in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. The Anĩ pihi are unique in their combination of spoken and sung forms, in which spirits and divinities are voiced by a ritual specialist. I explore how particular sounds index the presence of different kinds of others (gods and spirits), and how these sounds are, in turn, related to the use of reported speech – in other words, how others talk about other others in sung form. As such, the Anĩ pihi are a useful context in which to discuss recent approaches in the anthropology of Lowland South America such as “perspectivism” (Viveiros de Castro 1998; Lima 1999) and “animism” (Descola 2014), especially where these approaches have changed the way in which we think about language and music (Cesarino 2011; Déléage 2009; Kohn 2013). This article argues that we should combine linguistic and musicological approaches in order to fully understand the “perspectival soundscape” of Amerindian songs, and that such a combined musical-linguistic approach could give us a better understanding of the ways in which humans and non-humans act as people in Amazonia

Broken words, furious wasps. How should we translate the sonic materiality of Araweté ritual singing?

In Araweté ritual singing, the performance of oporahẽ songs is an exercise in downplaying referential meaning without the actual removal of the sounds of the language. These songs are performed in a way that effectively break words into syllables, which are recombined to form unusual and “meaningless” words. Phrased differently, a good amount of these songs’ “meaning” is not in the things to which they are referring. By looking at the effect of this displacement of syllables in the performance and in the written rendering of the Araweté’s oporahẽ songs, this paper addresses the role of translation in anthropological practice when referential meaning is not easy to access. Following recent approaches in linguistic anthropology, the paper argues that an attention to the materiality of sound and voice in Araweté ritual singing provides a framework for understanding the performance and translation of songs in indigenous Amazonia.No canto ritual Araweté, a execução dos cantos oporahẽ oculta o significado referencial das palavras mas não remove os sons da língua. Os cantos são executadas de uma maneira que divide as palavras em sílabas, as quais são recombinadas para formar palavras incomuns e “sem sentido”. Em outras palavras, uma boa parte do “significado” dessas músicas não está focado no significado referencial. Ao olhar para o efeito deste deslocamento de sílabas na performance e na escrita dos cantos oporahẽ dos Araweté, este artigo aborda o papel da tradução na prática antropológica quando o significado referencial não é fácil de acessar. Seguindo abordagens recentes em antropologia lingüística, o artigo argumenta que uma atenção à materialidade do som e da voz no canto ritual Araweté fornece uma estrutura para a compreensão da performance e tradução de cantos na Amazônia indígena.Dans le répertoire des chants rituels araweté, l’interprétation des chants oporahẽ est un exercice de minimisation de la signification référentielle sans suppression réelle des sons de la langue. Ces chants sont interprétés de manière à diviser les mots en syllabes, lesquelles sont recombinées pour former des mots inhabituels et « sans signification ». En d’autres termes, une bonne partie du « sens » de ces chants ne se trouve pas dans ce à quoi ils font référence – la signification référentielle n’est pas leur centre d’intérêt. En examinant les effets de ce déplacement de syllabes dans l’interprétation et dans la transcription des chants araweté, cet article aborde le rôle de la traduction dans la pratique anthropologique lorsque le sens référentiel est difficile d’accès. Suivant des approches récentes en anthropologie linguistique, l’article montre que l’attention portée à la matérialité du son et de la voix dans les chants rituels araweté fournit un cadre pour comprendre la performance et la traduction des chants en Amazonie

DEVELOPMENT OF API FOR AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION OF ROBOTIC PLATFORM

The purpose of this article is to present the development of an Application Program Interface (API) based on the OpenCV library for RoboDeck. RoboDeck is a mobile robotic platform of Brazilian manufacture for the areas of education and research. This API was developed to facilitate to the students and researchers, the creation of new applications for the control of the mobile robot. To test this API was developed an application for the autonomous navigation using computer vision

JOGO EDUCATIVO PARA A DISCIPLINA DE GEOGRAFIA

This paper discusses the project of an educational game that was developed for the discipline of geography. Currently the educational games are increasingly being used inside schools in order to bring the play to the learning environment, making the lessons more enjoyable and aiding the process of teaching and learning. The idea to develop this game of Geography is to encourage children to learn more about this discipline, through games like puzzle games, memory games, questions and answers among others, that address various issues in Brazil and the world

JOGO EDUCATIVO PARA A DISCIPLINA DE GEOGRAFIA

Este artigo discorre sobre o projeto de um jogo educativo que foi desenvolvido para a disciplina de geografia. Atualmente os jogos educacionais estão sendo cada vez mais usados dentro das escolas com o objetivo de levar o lúdico para o ambiente de aprendizado, tornando as aulas mais agradáveis e auxiliando o processo de ensino aprendizagem. A idéia ao se desenvolver este jogo de Geografia é incentivar as crianças a aprenderem mais sobre esta disciplina, através de jogos como quebra-cabeça, jogos de memória, jogos de perguntas e respostas entre outros, que abordam vários assuntos do Brasil e do mundo

Advances in Physiological Cardiac Stimulation

Advances in cardiac stimulation demonstrate that bradyarrhythmia treatments go beyond heart rate control. The concern with the ventricular stimulation site and, consequently, with the maintenance of intraventricular synchrony has become routine in most services. Techniques of physiological cardiac stimulation, such as stimulation of the bundle of His and the left branch, have been improved. Despite the indisputable benefits of these therapeutic modalities, there are technical difficulties that limit systematic use. In this sense, to make physiological cardiac stimulation more practical and reproducible, the concept of parahissian stimulation was expanded and studied. The technique, simpler and reproducible, contemplates a conventional approach of the right ventricle. The big difference is the use of QRS spatial variance analysis technology (Synchromax®, Exo S.A., Argentina) to confirm the maintenance of ventricular synchrony according to the implanted site

Advances in Physiological Cardiac Stimulation

Advances in cardiac stimulation demonstrate that bradyarrhythmia treatments go beyond heart rate control. The concern with the ventricular stimulation site and, consequently, with the maintenance of intraventricular synchrony has become routine in most services. Techniques of physiological cardiac stimulation, such as stimulation of the bundle of His and the left branch, have been improved. Despite the indisputable benefits of these therapeutic modalities, there are technical difficulties that limit systematic use. In this sense, to make physiological cardiac stimulation more practical and reproducible, the concept of parahissian stimulation was expanded and studied. The technique, simpler and reproducible, contemplates a conventional approach of the right ventricle. The big difference is the use of QRS spatial variance analysis technology (Synchromax®, Exo S.A., Argentina) to confirm the maintenance of ventricular synchrony according to the implanted site

Impact of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations on sustained virologic response in HCV-infected patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. METHODS: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. RESULTS: SVR24 rates were 46.1% (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1, 2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced 651 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with 651 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not 655. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin