599 research outputs found
Heparam-sulfate/Heparanase1 axis on prostate epithelial morphogenesis
Orientador: Hernandes Faustino de CarvalhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O desenvolvimento de próstata ventral (PV) de murinos inicia-se no dia embrionário 17,5. As células epiteliais do seio urogenital reduzem a expressão de Sulfatase-1 depois do primeiro pico de testosterona e mantêm a expressão de Heparam sulfato-6-O-Sulfotransferase-1. Essa combinação resulta no aumento do conteúdo de heparam sulfato (HS) altamente sulfatado, que é importante para sinalização de fatores parácrinos. A Heparanase-1 é uma endo-beta-D-glucuronidase responsável pelo turnover de HS nos tecidos dos vertebrados. Já que a próstata ventral remodela a matriz extracelular durante o desenvolvimento, elaboramos a hipótese que a Heparanase-1 e a sulfatação de HS possuem papel no desenvolvimento prostático pós-natal. Para testar nossa hipótese, usamos cultura de próstata ventral de rato e cultura de célula em 3D com matrigel de uma linhagem epitelial de próstata normal de humano, RWPE-1, que mimetiza a morfogênese acinar. Detectamos a expressão de proteoglicanos de HS (HSPG), Syndecans e Glypicans, durante o desenvolvimento de PV. Tratamento com heparina ou silenciamento de Hpse-1 atrasa o crescimento epitelial de PV e reduz a sinalização via ERK1/2. RWPE-1 diferencialmente expressam HSPG durante a morfogênese acinar. O tratamento com clorato, que reduz a sulfatação através da inibição da síntese de PAPS, nas células RWPE-1 em 3D elimina a formação de esferoides. O mesmo tratamento também inibe a canalização e morfogênese ramificada do epitélio de PV crescida in vitro, além de levar ao aumento de expressão de Hpse-1 e Mmp-2. SDF-1, dentre diferentes fatores parácrinos parcialmente recuperou a formação de lúmen em ambiente com sulfatação reduzida. SDF-1 promove a formação e crescimento de esferoides em cultura 3D de RWPE-1, enquanto a inibição da sua sinalização, com AMD3100, inibe a organização das células. Por fim, o SDF-1 resgata a morfogênese acinar em ambiente pouco sulfatado. Concluindo, nossos resultados mostram que Heparanase-1 tem um papel importante no crescimento inicial do epitélio e a sulfatação é importante para canalização e morfogênese ramificada do epitélio durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal de PV. E SDF-1 atua na morfogênese epitelial mesmo em ambiente pouco sulfatadoAbstract: Murine ventral prostate (VP) development starts at embryonic day 17.5. Epithelial cells at the urogenital sinus down regulate the expression of Sulfatase-1 and keep the expression of Heparan Sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase-1 in response to a testosterone peak. This combination increases highly sulfated heparan sulfate (HS) content, which is important for paracrine factors signaling. Heparanase-1 is an endo-beta-D-glucuronidase, responsible for the turnover of HS on vertebrate tissues. Because ventral prostate remodels extracellular matrix during development, we hypothesized that Heparanase-1 and sulfation of HS play a role on postnatal prostate development. To test our hypothesis we used rat ventral prostate organ culture and human normal prostate epithelial (RWPE-1) 3D cell culture on matrigel that mimics acinar morphogenesis. We detected the expression of HS proteoglycans (HSPG), Syndecan and Glipicans on VP during development. Either heparin or Hpse-1 silencing delays epithelial growth, which also resulted in reduction of ERK1/2 signaling. RWPE-1 differentially expressed HSPG during acinar morphogenesis. Chlorate treatment, that reduces sulfation through PAPS synthesis inhibition, abolished RWPE-1 spheroids formation on 3D cell culture. Moreover it impairs epithelial canalization and branching morphogenesis of VP in vitro. Chlorate also increases the expression of Hpse and Mmp-2. SDF-1 partially recovers luminal formation in the low sulfated environment. SDF-1 also promotes spheroid formation and growth while its signaling inhibition with AMD3100 inhibits epithelial cell organization. SDF-1 rescued acinar morphogenesis under chlorate treatment. In conclusion, our results suggests that Heparanase-1 plays a role in early epithelial growth, that sulfation is of great importance for epithelial canalization and branching morphogenesis and that SDF-1 acts on epithelial morphogenesis even at low sulfated environmentDoutoradoBiologia CelularDoutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural2012/17657-0FAPES
Facial Point Graphs for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Identification
Identifying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in its early stages is
essential for establishing the beginning of treatment, enriching the outlook,
and enhancing the overall well-being of those affected individuals. However,
early diagnosis and detecting the disease's signs is not straightforward. A
simpler and cheaper way arises by analyzing the patient's facial expressions
through computational methods. When a patient with ALS engages in specific
actions, e.g., opening their mouth, the movement of specific facial muscles
differs from that observed in a healthy individual. This paper proposes Facial
Point Graphs to learn information from the geometry of facial images to
identify ALS automatically. The experimental outcomes in the Toronto Neuroface
dataset show the proposed approach outperformed state-of-the-art results,
fostering promising developments in the area.Comment: 7 pages and 7 figure
The influence of inspiratory muscle training combined with the Pilates method on lung function in elderly women: A randomized controlled trial
OBJECTIVE: Aging is progressive, and its effects on the respiratory system include changes in the composition of the connective tissues of the lung that influence thoracic and lung compliance. The Powerbreathes K5 is a device used for inspiratory muscle training with resistance adapted to the level of the inspiratory muscles to be trained. The Pilates method promotes muscle rebalancing exercises that emphasize the powerhouse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of inspiratory muscle training combined with the Pilates method on lung function in elderly women. METHODS: The participants were aged sixty years or older, were active women with no recent fractures, and were not gait device users. They were randomly divided into a Pilates with inspiratory training group (n=11), a Pilates group (n=11) and a control group (n=9). Spirometry, manovacuometry, a six-minute walk test, an abdominal curl-up test, and pulmonary variables were assessed before and after twenty intervention sessions. RESULTS: The intervention led to an increase in maximal inspiratory muscle strength and pressure and power pulmonary variables (po0.0001), maximal expiratory muscle strength (po0.0014), six-minute walk test performance (po0.01), and abdominal curl-up test performance (po0.00001). The control group showed no differences in the analyzed variables (p40.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest inspiratory muscle training associated with the Pilates method provides an improvement in the lung function and physical conditioning of elderly patients
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Broadly conserved roles of TMEM131 family proteins in intracellular collagen assembly and secretory cargo trafficking.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in animals. Its dysregulation contributes to aging and many human disorders, including pathological tissue fibrosis in major organs. How premature collagen proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assemble and route for secretion remains molecularly undefined. From an RNA interference screen, we identified an uncharacterized Caenorhabditis elegans gene tmem-131, deficiency of which impairs collagen production and activates ER stress response. We find that amino termini of human TMEM131 contain bacterial PapD chaperone-like domains, which recruit premature collagen monomers for proper assembly and secretion. Carboxy termini of TMEM131 interact with TRAPPC8, a component of the TRAPP tethering complex, to drive collagen cargo trafficking from ER to the Golgi. We provide evidence that previously undescribed roles of TMEM131 in collagen recruitment and secretion are evolutionarily conserved in C. elegans, Drosophila, and humans
CAUSA INCOMUM DE ISQUEMIA MESENTÉRICA AGUDA
Acute mesenteric ischemia is not a common affection, it happens in 1 to 1,000 people in the United States. Acute mesenteric ischemia should always be one of the differential diagnoses for abdominal pain as it is difficult to diagnose and has very high mortality rates. Among its causes, the most uncommon remains the obstruction caused by displacement of atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, the description of a case of acute mesenteric ischemia caused by detachment of a plaque in the thoracic aorta is contributing to academic field. The present case was treated by immediate exploratory laparotomy with resection of the distended segments and implantation of an endoprosthesis via femoral artery.
Keywords: Bile duct cancer. Epidemiology. Cholelithiasis. Anatomicopathological. Cholecystectomy.
RESUMO
A isquemia mesentérica aguda não é comum, atinge 1 a cada 1000 habitantes nos Estados Unidos. Por ser de difícil diagnóstico e de elevada mortalidade deve sempre ser um dos diagnósticos diferenciais para dor abdominal. Dentre suas causas, mais incomum ainda é a obstrução causada por deslocamento de placa aterosclerótica. Portanto, torna-se útil demonstrar um caso de isquemia mesentérica aguda causada por descolamento de placa da aorta torácica, tratado por laparotomia exploradora imediata com ressecção das alças em sofrimento e implantação de endoprótese torácica reta via femoral.
Palavras-chave: Câncer de ducto biliar. Epidemiologia. Colelitíase. Anatomopatológico. Colecistectomia.Resumo: A isquemia mesentérica aguda não é comum, atinge 1 a cada 1000 habitantes nos Estados Unidos. Por ser de difícil diagnóstico e de elevada mortalidade deve sempre ser um dos diagnósticos diferenciais para dor abdominal. Dentre suas causas, mais incomum ainda é a obstrução causada por deslocamento de placa aterosclerótica. Portanto, torna-se útil demonstrar um caso de isquemia mesentérica aguda causada por descolamento de placa da aorta torácica, tratado por laparotomia exploradora imediata com ressecção das alças em sofrimento e implantação de endoprótese torácica reta via femoral
A experiência de vida dos trabalhadores da saúde mental durante a pandemia do coronavírus
Objective: to know mental health workers' life experience during the first year of the coronavirus pandemic. Method: an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative study that resorted to narratives and was conducted in four mental health services of a municipality from the inland of São Paulo. The data were collected by means of an online form and the analysis was performed following Dialectic Hermeneutics. Results: the participants were 108 health workers, with predominance of the female gender, white-skinned individuals, age between 38 and 47 years old, in stable relationships or married, and with complete higher education. Two thematic categories emerged from the narratives, namely: Adaptations to the new personal routines and Adaptations to the new routine at work. Conclusion: mental health workers experience impacts that generate multiple anxieties. Organizational strategies that provide moments of listening and offer safety and adequate working conditions are favorable for the moment faced and need to be discussed in the services in question.Objetivo: conocer la experiencia de vida de los trabajadores de salud mental durante el primer año de la pandemia del coronavirus. Método: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y cualitativo en el que se emplearon narrativas, realizado en cuatro servicios de salud mental de un municipio del interior de San Pablo. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de un formulario en línea y el análisis se realizó de acuerdo con la Hermenéutica Dialéctica. Resultados: los participantes fueron 108 trabajadores de la salud, con predominio del sexo femenino, raza blanca, edad entre 38 y 47 años, en relaciones estables o casados y estudios universitarios completos. Surgieron dos categorías temáticas a partir de las narrativas, a saber: Adaptaciones a las nuevas rutinas personales y Adaptaciones a la nueva rutina en el trabajo. Conclusión: los trabajadores de salud mental sufrieron efectos que generan múltiples ansiedades. Estrategias organizacionales que propicien momentos de escucha y ofrezcan seguridad y condiciones de trabajo adecuadas son favorables en vistas del presente momento y deben ser debatidas en los servicios en cuestión.Objetivo: conhecer a experiência de vida dos trabalhadores de saúde mental durante o primeiro ano da pandemia do coronavírus. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, qualitativo com uso de narrativas, realizado em quatro serviços de saúde mental de um município do interior de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário on-line e a análise se deu pela hermenêutica dialética. Resultados: participaram 108 trabalhadores da saúde, predominou-se o sexo feminino, brancos, idade entre 38 e 47 anos, relação estável ou casamento e ensino superior. A partir das narrativas emergiram duas categorias temáticas: Adaptações às novas rotinas pessoais e Adaptações à nova rotina no trabalho. Conclusão: os trabalhadores da saúde mental experienciaram impactos que geram múltiplos anseios. Estratégias organizacionais que propiciem momentos de escuta e ofereça segurança e condições de trabalho adequadas são favoráveis ao momento enfrentado e necessitam ser discutidas nos serviços em questão
LESÃO CERVICAL PENETRANTE EM ZONA II
SUMMARY: Several vital structures, of both the aerodigestive and vascular systems, are contained in the cervical regions. Cervical lesions have high complexity and high morbidity and mortality. They are more common in young men inserted in a context of violence. The objective of this study was to demonstrate an injury by firearm with transfixation of the trachea, approached by cervicotomy in which was performed a termino-terminal anastomosis of the affected segment. The patient presented satisfactory clinical and surgical outcomes.
RESUMO: Na região cervical encontra-se estruturas vitais para o sistema aerodigestivo e vascular. Lesões cervicais possuem alta complexidade e elevada morbimortalidade. Acomete mais homens jovens inseridos em contexto de violência. O objetivo deste estudo e demonstrar uma lesão com transfixação da traquéia por arma de fogo, abordada por cervicotomia e realizado anastomose termino-terminal de segmento afetado. Paciente apresentou bom desfecho clínico e cirúrgico
SINDROME DE FOURNIER RECIDIVADA
The Fournier’s Syndrome is characterized by a necrotizing infection that can affect regions such as perineum, thighs, scrotum, thigh roots and lower abdomen. It begins insidiously, but progresses with great tissue loss and is of difficult handling. It is an uncommon morbidity of the population at large. Recurrence is poorly documented, which makes its occurrence atypical in medical practice. The mortality rate varies from 10% to 30.8% in Brazil without changes over time despite advances in technology and in surgical techniques. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a recurrence of the syndrome in a male, 46-year-old patient, with diabetes, hypertension and grade III obesity. The patient was treated in a timely manner with satisfactory clinical and aesthetic outcomes.RESUMO A síndrome de fournier caracteriza-se por uma infecção necrozante que pode acometer região perineal, coxa, escroto, raízes de coxa e abdome inferior. Tem seu início insidioso, porém com progressão com grande perda de tecidos e difícil manejo. É uma morbidade incomum da população em geral. A recidiva é pouco documentada tornando-se atípico na prática médica. A taxa de mortalidade varia de 10% a 30.8% no Brasil sem mudança no decorrer do tempo apesar dos avanços tecnológicos e de técnicas cirúrgicas. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar uma recidiva da Síndrome em um paciente masculino, 46 anos com diabetes, hipertensão e obesidade grau III. Foi tratada em tempo hábil com bom desfecho clínico e estético
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