Efeito de 12 semanas de exercício físico domiciliar na aptidão física de idosas com câncer de mama em hormonioterapia: ensaio clínico randomizado

Objective:  To evaluate the effects of a home-based physical exercise program on fitness of elderly women with breast cancer. Methods: A randomized clinical trial with 75 elderly patients receiving treatment of breast cancer was developed in a General Hospital of Recife, Brazil, from April to November 2015. 38 were randomized for a home–based physical exercise program during 12 weeks and 37 were Control Group, which received monthly lectures on the importance of maintaining an active lifestyle. An instructional material of physical exercise with a brochure and DVD was previously developed and distributed to the Intervention Group. The Senior Fitness Test was used to evaluated physical fitness. Results: A significant  improvement in muscle strength, flexibility, balance and  aerobic resistance  was  observed in the Group Intervention according to the  Senior Fitness Test items; 30-s arm curl (13.74 – 17.10 repetitions, p<0.01); 30-s chair stand (12.03 – 14.55 repetitions, p<0.01); 8-foot up-and-go (6.85 – 6.00 seconds, p<0.01); 2-min step test (79.08 – 123.37 past doubles, p<0.01); Back scratch (-8.74 to -0.42 centimeters, p<0.01); Chair sit-and-reach (-6.76 to 4.76 centimeters, p<0.01). However, BMI and manual grip strength did not show any change in both groups. Conclusion: A home-based physical exercise program showed efficacy to improve physical fitness in elderly patients receiving treatment of breast cancer. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de um programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares na aptidão física de idosas com câncer de mama em tratamento. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado com 75 idosas com câncer de mama, realizado em um Hospital Geral do Recife, Brasil, de abril a novembro de 2015. 38 foram alocadas para um programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares, durante 12 semanas, e 37 para o Grupo Controle, o qual recebeu palestras mensais sobre a importância da manutenção de um estilo de vida ativo. Um manual de exercícios físicos e DVD foi previamente desenvolvido e distribuído para o Grupo Intervenção. Foi utilizada a bateria Senior Fitness Test para avaliar a aptidão física. Resultados: Foi observada melhora significativa da força muscular, flexibilidade, equilíbrio e resistência aeróbica no Grupo Intervenção, de acordo com os itens da SFT; Flexão de Antebraço (13,74 - 17,10 repetições, p <0,01); Levantar e Sentar (12,03 - 14,55 repetições, p <0,01); Ir e Vir (6,85 - 6,00 segundos, p <0,01), marcha estacionária de 2 minutos (79,08 - 123,37 duplas passadas, p <0,01); Alcançar as Costas (-8,74 a -0,42 centímetros, p <0,01); e Sentar e Alcançar (-6,76 a 4,76 centímetros, p <0,01). Não foram observadas melhoras com relação ao IMC e força de preensão manual. Conclusão: O programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares mostrou eficácia para melhorar a aptidão física em idosas com câncer de mama em tratamento

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Covellite (CuS) Production from a Real Acid Mine Drainage Treated with Biogenic H₂S

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental problem associated with mining activities, which resulted from the exposure of sulfur bearing materials to oxygen and water. AMD is a pollution source due to its extreme acidity, high concentration of sulfate, and soluble metals. Biological AMD treatment is one alternative to couple environmental amelioration for valuable dissolved metals recovery, as a new source of raw materials. Covellite (CuS) particles were synthetized from an AMD sample collected in a Brazilian copper mine, after 48 and 96 h of exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) produced in a bioreactor containing acidophilic sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB). The time of exposure affected the morphology, nucleation, and size of CuS crystals. CuS crystals synthetized after 96 h of H2S exposure showed better ordination as indicated by sharp and intense diffractograms obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the predominance of placoid sheets with hexagonal habit structure as observed by scanning electrons microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry indicated a Cu:S molar ratio in agreement with CuS. Granulometric analysis demonstrated that 90% of CuS particles were less than 22 µm size. AMD biological treatment is a potential economical CuS recovery option for metallurgical process chain incorporation, or new industrial applications, since the alteration of synthesis conditions can produce different crystal forms with specific characteristics

Qualidade do preenchimento da Caderneta de Saúde da Criança e fatores associados Quality of data on the Child Health Record and related factors

A Caderneta de Saúde da Criança (CSC) é um documento imprescindível para a promoção da saúde infantil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com amostra aleatória simples de crianças acompanhadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), visando analisar os fatores associados à qualidade do preenchimento da CSC. Foram realizadas entrevistas e verificação direta das cadernetas de 365 crianças das nove regionais de saúde de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foi criado um sistema de escore para classificar as CSC quanto à qualidade do seu preenchimento e relacioná-la às variáveis explicativas. O odds ratio foi calculado por regressão logística. O preenchimento dos vinte itens do escore variou de 3,1% (uso de ferruginoso) a 99,7% (data de nascimento). Os fatores associados aos piores escores foram: crianças > 12 meses de idade (OR = 1,77), mães < 6 anos de estudo (OR = 1,97), crianças não acompanhadas por médicos generalistas (OR = 3,18) e mães que não receberam explicações sobre a CSC na maternidade (OR = 1,77). Os resultados apontam a precária utilização da CSC, reforçando a necessidade de investimentos em capacitação dos profissionais e organização dos serviços para que ela cumpra seu papel na promoção da saúde infantil.<br>The Child Health Record (CHR) is an essential document for children's health care activities. A cross-sectional study was performed with simple random sampling, aimed at analyzing factors related to quality of data completion on the CHR. Interviews and direct verification of 365 CHRs from 9 health districts in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, were performed. A scoring system was created to classify the CHRs in terms of quality of data completion and to relate them to explanatory variables. Odds ratios were calculated by logistic regression. Completion of the 20 scoring items varied from 3.1% (use of iron supplements) to 99.7% (date of birth). Factors associated with worse scores were: children > 12 months old (OR = 1.77), mothers with < 6 years of schooling (OR = 1.97), children not treated by general practitioners (OR = 3.18), and mothers who had not received explanations on the CHR while in the maternity ward (OR = 1.77). The results show poor use of the CHR and emphasize the need for on-going efforts to train health professionals and prepare health services for their important role in the promotion of children's health

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data