Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Infiltration in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Tumor and MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1 Expression

Cancer/testis antigens melanoma‑associated antigen 4 (MAGE‑A4) and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma‑1 (NY‑ESO‑1) are of clinical interest as biomarkers and present valuable targets for immunotherapy; however, they are poor prognostic markers in non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are recognized as a key element in tumor escape and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of MAGE‑A4 and NY‑ESO‑1, and their association with MDSCs in NSCLC samples. The expression levels of MAGE‑A4 and NY‑ESO‑1, and the infiltration of MDSCs (CD33+), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of 67 tissue samples from patients with NSCLC. Overall, 58.33% of the NSCLC squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 94.7% of adenocarcinoma tissues were positive for MAGE‑A4. NY‑ESO‑1 expression was observed in 52.78% of the squamous cell carcinoma tissues and 80% of the adenocarcinoma tissues. In primary adenocarcinoma tumor tissues, MAGE‑A4 and NY‑ESO‑1 demonstrated a higher intensity of expression compared with the squamous cell carcinoma tissues. A total of 33 (91.7%) squamous cell carcinoma and 19 (95.0%) adenocarcinoma specimens were positive for CD33. The expression of MAGE‑A4 and NY‑ESO‑1 antigens and infiltration of MDSCs was associated with poor prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Further studies investigating the association between these findings and underlying molecular mechanisms are required

Helicobacter zhangjianzhongii sp. nov., isolated from dog feces

In 2019, two distinct bacterial isolates were independently isolated from the fecal samples of separate dogs in Beijing, China. These cells exhibit microaerobic, are Gram-negative, motile, and possess a characteristic spiral shape with bipolar single flagellum. They display positive results for the oxidase test while being negative for both catalase and urease. These organisms measure approximately 0.2–0.3 μm in width and 4.5–6 μm in length. The colonies are wet, flat, grey, circular, and smooth with sizes ranging from 1 to 2 mm in diameter after 2 days of growth. However, strains may exhibit variations in size and morphology following extended incubation. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and core genome indicated that these two isolates belong to the genus Helicobacter and formed a robust clade that was remains distinctly separate from currently recognized species. These two isolates shared low dDDH relatedness and ANI values with their closest species Helicobacter canis CCUG 32756T, with these values falling below the commonly cutoff values for strains of the same species. The genomic DNA G + C contents of strain XJK30-2 were 44.93 mol%. Comparing the phenotypic and phylogenetic features between these two isolates and their closely related species, XJK30-2 represents a novel species within the genus Helicobacter, for which the name Helicobacter zhangjianzhongii sp. nov. (Type strain XJK30-2T = GDMCC 1.3695T) is proposed

Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Arc and Metal Transport for Stacking Deposition in Arc Welding Based Additive Manufacturing

The stacking deposition in arc welding based additive manufacturing (AWAM) results in complex surfaces of deposited layer. Therefore the electromagnetic force in molten pool, arc pressure, plasma shear stress and heat flux on molten pool surface are not the same as the conventional welding. A three-dimensional weak coupling modeling method has been developed to simulate the arc, molten pool dynamic and droplet impingement of stacking deposition. In the arc model, the molten pool is simplified to be solid state on the basis of experimentally observed result. The arc is simulated firstly, and then the electromagnetic force, arc pressure, plasma shear stress and heat flux are extracted and transmitted to metal transport model. The molten pool morphology of simulated result accords well with experimental result, which indicates that this weak coupling modeling method is capable of simulating the complex heat and mass transfer behaviors in AWAM.Mechanical Engineerin

A Novel Metamorphic Mechanism for Efficient Additive Manufacturing

A novel metamorphic rolling mechanism (MRM) based on genetic evolution synthesis that realized multiway, multiple-DOF and synchronous plastic forming in arc based deposition processing of components with variable wall thickness is proposed in this paper. Topology and mechanical structure of the metamorphic mechanism is presented and D-H equation is derived. Experiments show that firstly efficient manufacturing of components with variable wall thickness can be realized by synchronous rolling in vertical direction. Secondly precision and surface configurations of the components are improved compared with that of freeform deposition manufacturing. The metamorphic mechanism provides possibilities of efficient hybrid manufacturing of near net shape components with variable wall thickness.Mechanical Engineerin