139 research outputs found
The practices of apartheid as a war crime: a critical analysis
The human suffering caused by the political ideology of apartheid in South Africa during the Apartheid era (1948-1994) prompted worldwide condemnation and a variety of diplomatic and legal responses. Amongst these responses was the attempt to have apartheid recognised both as a crime against humanity in the 1973 Apartheid Convention as well as a war crime in Article 85(4)(c) of Additional Protocol I. This article examines the origins, nature and current status of the practices of apartheid as a war crime and its possible application to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Local violence and politics in KwaZulu-Natal: perceptions of agency in a post-conflict society
The Bantustan State and the South African Transition: Militarisation, Patrimonialism and the Collapse of the Ciskei Regime, 1986-1994
This article examines the Ciskei bantustan and processes of state formation during the
transition to democracy. In the Ciskei, the rule of Brigadier Gqozo rested on the continued
support of the South African state: identified as the weakest link in the National Partyâs
conservative alliance, the Ciskei became the first target for the African National Congressâ
mass action campaign of 1992. The struggle in the Ciskei thus had some significance for the
shape of the transition. While at a constitutional level the National Party eventually conceded
to the re-incorporation of the bantustans in late 1992, it continued to stall change and to
bolster the bantustans through covert military operations and land transfers to bantustan elites.
These dynamics of state formation are critical aspects of the history of the transition and were
at the heart of the emerging political conflict in the Ciskei, which by mid-1992 was escalating
into civil war. This article examines mass mobilisation, political repression and the
consequences of the patrimonial militarisation of the Ciskei state in the Ciskei/ Border region.
By focusing on processes of state formation and struggles over the fabric of the state, this
article provides a corrective to the prevailing academic focus on the elite negotiations and
argues for the value of social histories of the bantustan states for understanding the enduring
legacies of these regimes
The first two centuries of colonial agriculture in the cape colony: A historiographical reviewâ
Low-molecular weight organic acids and peptides involved in the long-distance transport of trace metals
Gender, Nature, Empire: Women Naturalists in Nineteenth Century British Travel Literature
Strategies of Representation, Relationship, and Resistance: British Women Travelers and Mormon Plural Wives, c. 1870-1890
During the 1870s and 1880s, several British women writers traveled by transcontinental railroad across the American West via Salt Lake City, Utah, the capital of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons. These women subsequently wrote books about their travels for a home audience with a taste for adventures in the American West, and particularly for accounts of Mormon plural marriage, which was sanctioned by the Church before 1890. The plight of the Mormon woman, a prominent social reform and literary theme of the period, situated Mormon women at the center of popular representations of Utah during the second half of the nineteenth century. The Mormon question thus lends itself to an analysis of how a stereotyped subaltern group was represented by elite British travelers. These residents of western American territories, however, differed in important respects from the typical subaltern subjects discussed by Victorian travelers. These white, upwardly mobile, and articulate Mormon plural wives attempted to influence observers\u27 representations of them through a variety of narrative strategies. Both British women travel writers and Mormon women wrote from the margins of power and credibility, and as interpreters of the Mormon scene were concerned to established their representational authority
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