Epidemiology And Factors Related to Psychiatric Diseases in a Child Psychosocial Support Center in a City in Northeastern Brazil

Objetivo: Os distúrbios mentais têm representado um grande desafio para a saúde mundial, considerando que 12% da população necessita de algum atendimento em saúde mental e 3% apresenta algum transtorno mental severo e persistente que necessita de acompanhamento. O desenvolvimento psíquico-cognitivo da criança é influenciado por diversas situações, genéticas e ambientais. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi observar quais são as doenças psiquiátricas mais prevalentes em pacientes atendidos pelo Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil (CAPSIJ) de Imperatriz e levantar fatores que poderiam estar relacionados ao aparecimento e a apresentação desses distúrbios na infância. Métodos: Essa pesquisa se caracteriza como indutiva, analítica-descritiva, retrospectiva e documental. O presente estudo foi conduzido no Centro de Apoio Psicossocial Infanto-Juvenil de Imperatriz-MA. Resultados. Ao todo, foram 137 diagnósticos ou hipóteses diagnosticas levantadas, tendo algumas crianças recebido mais de um diagnóstico. São 22 diagnósticos diferentes definidos por Código Internacional de Doenças (CID) que foram reagrupados em categorias maiores conforme a semelhança dos transtornos. O sexo masculino é o mais prevalente e a média de idade aproximada é de 6 anos. Conclusão: Os transtornos mentais mais prevalentes entre as crianças analisadas foram os transtornos globais do desenvolvimento (em primeiro lugar autismo infantil) e transtornos hipercinéticos, seguidos pelo estado de stress pós-traumático, retardo mental e transtornos ansiosos. Foi comprovada a associação entre os transtornos presentes neste estudo e fatores genéticos, biológicos e ambientais.  Objectives: Mental disorders have posed a major challenge to global health, considering that 12% of the population needs some mental health care and 3% have some severe and persistent mental disorder requiring medical attention. The psychic-cognitive development of the child is influenced by several genetic and environmental situations. The main objective of this study was to observe which are the most prevalent psychiatric diseases in patients attended by the Child Psychosocial Support Center (CAPSIJ) of Imperatriz and to find factors that could be related to the appearance and presentation of these disorders in children. Method: This research is characterized as inductive, analytical-descriptive, retrospective and documentary. The present study was conducted at the Child Psychosocial Support Center of Imperatriz-MA. Results: In all, 137 diagnoses or diagnostic hypotheses were raised, with some children receiving more than one diagnosis. There are 22 different diagnoses defined by the International Code of Diseases (ICD) that have been regrouped into larger categories according to the similarities of the disorders. The male sex is the most prevalent and the average age is approximately 6 years. Conclusion: The most prevalent mental disorders among the children analyzed were child development disorders (primarily childhood autism) and hyperkinetic disorders, followed by post-traumatic stress disorder, mental retardation, and anxiety disorders. The association between the disorders present in this study and genetic, biological and environmental factors

ANÁLISE COMPUTACIONAL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UMA INJETORA PNEUMÁTICA

  Resumo. O processo de injeção de materiais termoplásticos possui como principal característica a elevada produtividade de peças. O material em grânulo é fundido e injetado para o interior da cavidade do molde. Posteriormente tem-se a refrigeração do molde com o objetivo de solidificar o material. O molde é aberto para a retirada da peça no formato desejado por pinos extratores. Nesse trabalho é proposto o projeto e desenvolvimento de uma mini Injetora termoplástica tendo como foco principal baixo custo para sua confecção, com o intuito de atender práticas laboratoriais e trabalho de conclusão de curso. Utilizou-se um sistema pneumático para o fechamento do molde seguido do acoplamento do bico injetor ao molde de injeção. Para a modelagem e análise estrutural de todo o dimensionamento da composição física da máquina foram realizadas simulações númericas bem como para a análise da fluidez do material polimérico durante o seu preenchimento na cavidade do molde. As simulações realizadas proporcionaram alcançar os objetivos propostos para o correto funcionamento da máquina injetora otimizando os tempos de projeto e execução. Palavras-chave: Injeção plástica, molde de injeção, injetora termoplástica

Análise da ingestão de vitaminas lipossolúveis por pacientes teleatendidos em consulta nutricional clínica escola de Belo Horizonte - MG, Brasil, durante o período de isolamento social relacionado à pandemia de Covid-2019, no ano de 2020 / Analysis of the intake of fat-soluble vitamins by tele-consulted patients in a nutritional clinic school of Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, during the period of social isolation related to the Covid-2019 pandemic, in the 2020

Sabendo-se que os hábitos alimentares podem ser afetados pela  rotina do isolamento social, objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o consumo das vitaminas lipossolúveis A, E e K por pacientes adultos teleatendidos pela Clínica Integrada de Atenção à Saúde do Centro Universitário Una, localizada em BH – MG, durante os períodos meses da pandemia de COVID-19 . A amostra utilizada foi de 399 pacientes com alguma deficiência na ingestão das vitaminas lipossolúveis estudadas, com faixa etária entre 19 e 51 anos, de ambos os sexos. A identificação da inadequação da ingestão foi realizada através do registro alimentar de 24 horas relacionado à Ingestão Dietética Recomendada (IDR), conforme sexo e idade. Dentre os resultados obtidos, o sexo feminino demonstrou maior nível de inadequação do que o sexo masculino nas três vitaminas lipossolúveis e, especialmente, a deficiência da vitamina A (76,2%) apresentou a maior prevalência dentre os três micronutrientes estudados. 

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Instituições culturais e representatividade : Chiado, Baixa, arte pública e esfera comunicacional

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data