Analysis of the contributions of human factors and natural factors affecting the vegetation pattern in coastal wetlands

Introduction: Accurate identification of the dominant factors affecting coastal wetlands can provide a reference for vegetation rehabilitation. In this study, quantitative analysis was performed on the Yancheng coastal wetland using ANOVA and geostatistical methods. Outcomes/other: The results indicated that in the directions perpendicular and parallel to the coastline, the soil moisture and salinity in the study area exhibited relatively significant (p75%) for soil moisture and salinity in the southern experimental zone and southern buffer zone. Conclusion: Compared with the northern study area, the contribution of human disturbance to the spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and salinity in the southern study area is higher

Effect of Agricultural Structure Adjustment on Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Net Anthropogenic Nitrogen Inputs in the Pearl River Basin from 1990 to 2019

Worldwide urbanization has brought dramatic changes in agricultural structures, as well as serious agricultural non-point source pollutions of nitrogen and phosphorus. However, understanding the effect of agricultural structure adjustment on net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs (NANI) has been still limited. In this paper, statistical data from the agricultural statistical Yearbook, the National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin were collected from 1990 to 2019 in the Pearl River Basin, China, and used to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of NANI and its influencing factors. The results indicated that the agricultural structure adjustment has significantly influenced the spatial and temporal patterns of NANI in the last 30 years in the Pearl River Basin. The NANI decreased from 1990 to 2019, and had a spatial pattern of higher values in the upstream areas and lower in the downstream areas. In terms of the nitrogen input sources of NANI, in the economically developed regions downstream, nitrogen inputs are dominated by food/feed nitrogen, which accounted for an average of 49.6% of total nitrogen inputs. In upstream areas with relatively low economic development, fertilizer nitrogen accounted for an average of 54.9% of total nitrogen inputs. A novel nitrogen input source index of NANI, namely the ratio of agricultural nitrogen inputs to non-agricultural nitrogen inputs of NANI(ASNA), was also proposed to characterize the impact of the agricultural industry restructuring on NANI changes over time. Similar to the characteristics of NANI from 1990 to 2019, the ASNA showed a decreasing trend in the study area. Moreover, agricultural variables (agricultural land area, nitrogen fertilizer consumption and livestock farming density) tended to contribute less to the explained ASNA variances, while the contributions of the non-agricultural factors (population density and non-agricultural GDP) increased from 1990 to 2019. This indicated that the contribution of nitrogen inputs from agricultural sources to the NANI decreased while the contribution of nitrogen inputs from non-agricultural sources increased, with the shifts of agricultural sectors to the secondary and tertiary sectors in the Pearl River Basin. Our findings also suggest that differently regional targeting should be considered for the nitrogen pollution management in the Pearl River Basin, which focuses on the nitrogen pollution management of non-agricultural sources in the downstream areas, and but highlights agricultural nitrogen pollution management in the upstream areas

Environmental Pollution Effects of Regional Industrial Transfer Illustrated with Jiangsu, China

Industrial transfer is reshaping the geographic layout of industries and facilitating the transfer and spread of environmental pollution. This study employs the pollution transfer estimation method to discuss the environmental effect of industrial transfer. By compiling statistics on industries of a certain scale according to time-series data, the researchers compute the pollution load generated by industrial transfer and the difference in pollution emissions for each region and industry. Through the constructed evaluation model, the empirical scope is Jiangsu, which is the most developed industry in China. The results reveal that there is an apparent spatial hierarchy among the transferred industries in Jiangsu. Most industries transfer from the southern Jiangsu region toward the central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu regions. Environmental pollution is redistributed among prefecture-level cities because of intercity industrial transfer; the spatial characteristics of pollution exhibit a notable hierarchical pattern. Furthermore, the transferred pollution load differs considerably between industries. The textile industry and chemical raw material and chemical product industry are mainly transferred toward the Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu regions, whereas the papermaking and paper product manufacturing industry is primarily redistributed to the Southern Jiangsu region. The empirical results can serve as a reference for analyzing the environmental pollution effects of regional industrial transfer

An Empirical Study on the Ecological Economy of the Huai River in China

The Huai River is an important flood control and discharge river in the middle and east of China, and the development of ecological economy with regional advantages is significant for the protection and improvement of the resources and environment of the basin. On the basis of defining the connotation of an ecological economic system, this study constructed an index system, and it applied the methods of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to study the ecological economy of the Huai River. This study concluded that (1) the efficiency in most areas was efficient, but inefficient in a few areas; (2) the causes of inefficiency were unreasonable production scale and unqualified production technology, which led to redundant input of resources, insufficient output of days with good air quality, and excessive output of particulate matter with less than or equal to 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5); and (3) the efficiency was different in different regions, so it was necessary to respectively formulate and implement strategies for protection and development of resources and environment. The research results can be used as an important reference for formulating ecological economic policies around the world

Analysis on Spatial Characteristics of Supply–Demand Relationship of Amenities in Expanding Central Urban Areas—A Case Study of Huai’an, China

Supply and demand for amenities in expanding urban areas undergo continuous adjustment. In this study, we explored the relationship between supply of and demand for amenities in expanding urban areas to evaluate the rationality and effectiveness of amenity distribution, improve urban governance, and promote urban accessibility and justice, thereby facilitating sustainable urban development. We selected the central urban area of Huai’an City, China as the research area. We used point-of-interest data, Baidu population heatmap data, and residential housing prices to develop supply and demand indices for amenities and analyze the spatial characteristics of the supply of and demand for amenities in expanding urban areas. The results revealed that (1) the supply–demand relationship in the study area was mainly balanced, followed by relationships in which supply was lower than demand, and the relationships of supply exceeding demand is less, accounting for 68.35%, 26.06%, and 5.59%, respectively. (2) The core of the old urban area and the areas surrounding the old urban area had high supply–demand balance, the transitional and new urban areas had less supply than demand, and the developing urban areas had low supply–demand balance; the supply–demand relationship of amenities followed a clear circular distribution pattern. (3) The Chinese government’s continuous renewal of old urban areas has made the quantitative proportion of supply and demand components be positively correlated with the oldness of urban development, which has enlightening effects on the construction of other cities. Finally, we developed suggestions for adjusting the distribution of amenities in the central urban area of Huai’an to facilitate high-quality development in this area