A Sliding Mode based Cascade Observer for Estimation and Compensation Controller

The sliding mode observer can estimate the system state and the unknown disturbance, while the traditional single-layer one might still suffer from high pulse when the output measurement is mixed with noise. To improve the estimation quality, a new cascade sliding mode observer containing multiple discontinuous functions is proposed in this letter. It consists of two layers: the first layer is a traditional sliding mode observer, and the second layer is a cascade observer. The measurement noise issue is considered in the source system model. An alternative method how to design the observer gains of the two layers, together with how to examine the effectiveness of the compensator based closed-loop system, are offered. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The observation structure proposed in this letter not only smooths the estimated state but also reduces the control consumption

Examining non-locality and quantumcoherent dynamics induced by acommon reservoir

If two identical emitters are coupled to a common reservoir, entanglement can be generated during the decay process. When using Bell's inequality to examine the non-locality, however, it is possible that the bound cannot be violated in some cases. Here, we propose to use the steering inequality to examine the non-locality induced by a common reservoir. Compared with the Bell inequality, we find that the steering inequality has a better tolerance for examining non-locality. In view of the dynamic nature of the entangling process, we also propose to observe the quantum coherent dynamics by using the Leggett-Garg inequalities. We also suggest a feasible scheme, which consists of two quantum dots coupled to nanowire surface plasmons, for possible experimental realization

(2E,6E)-2,6-Bis(2-fluoro-5-meth­oxy­benzyl­idene)cyclo­hexan-1-one

The title compound, C22H20F2O3, a derivative of curcumin, crystallized with two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The mean planes of the two 2-fluoro-5-meth­oxy­phenyl groups are aligned at 24.88 (11)° in one mol­ecule and 24.19 (15)° in the other. The dihedral angles between the mean plane of the penta-1,4-dien-3-one group and those of the two 2-fluoro-5-meth­oxy­phenyl rings are 51.16 (11) and 49.16 (10)° in the first mol­ecule, and 45.69 (15) and 54.00 (14)° in the second. The mol­ecules adopt E configurations about the central olefinic bonds