Towards Real-Time Neural Video Codec for Cross-Platform Application Using Calibration Information

The state-of-the-art neural video codecs have outperformed the most sophisticated traditional codecs in terms of RD performance in certain cases. However, utilizing them for practical applications is still challenging for two major reasons. 1) Cross-platform computational errors resulting from floating point operations can lead to inaccurate decoding of the bitstream. 2) The high computational complexity of the encoding and decoding process poses a challenge in achieving real-time performance. In this paper, we propose a real-time cross-platform neural video codec, which is capable of efficiently decoding of 720P video bitstream from other encoding platforms on a consumer-grade GPU. First, to solve the problem of inconsistency of codec caused by the uncertainty of floating point calculations across platforms, we design a calibration transmitting system to guarantee the consistent quantization of entropy parameters between the encoding and decoding stages. The parameters that may have transboundary quantization between encoding and decoding are identified in the encoding stage, and their coordinates will be delivered by auxiliary transmitted bitstream. By doing so, these inconsistent parameters can be processed properly in the decoding stage. Furthermore, to reduce the bitrate of the auxiliary bitstream, we rectify the distribution of entropy parameters using a piecewise Gaussian constraint. Second, to match the computational limitations on the decoding side for real-time video codec, we design a lightweight model. A series of efficiency techniques enable our model to achieve 25 FPS decoding speed on NVIDIA RTX 2080 GPU. Experimental results demonstrate that our model can achieve real-time decoding of 720P videos while encoding on another platform. Furthermore, the real-time model brings up to a maximum of 24.2\% BD-rate improvement from the perspective of PSNR with the anchor H.265.Comment: 14 page

The properties of the high-mass star formation region IRAS22475+5939

IRAS22475+5939 has been well researched by previous astronomers. But we still get some new characteristics about it, using the first observations in lines of CO J=2-1,13CO J=2-1,13CO J=3-2 by the KOSMA 3 m telescope. The mapping of the intensity ratio of 13CO J=3-2 and 13CO J=2-1 shows the distribution of the temperature with two peaks, which don't coincide with IRAS22475+5939 source and the center of the HII region, but at the edge of the HII region. The overlays of the Spitzer IRAC 8um and CO contours indicate that they are associated with each other and the strongest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission is at the position of IRAS22475+5939 source. While the IRAS LRS spectrum at 7-23 um and the PHT-s spectrum at 2-12 um of IRAS22475+5939 source also exhibit strong PAHs emission characters at the main PAH bands. The diversity of PAH family should be responsible for the plateaus of PAHs emission in the PHT-s spectrum and the IRAS-LRS spectrum. An analysis and modeling in infrared bands suggest that IRAS22475+5939 is more likely to be a Class I YSO. Where this is the case, the star is likely to have a temperature T_{EFF} \sim 9995.8 K, mass \sim15.34 M_(sun), luminosity \sim 1.54*10^4 L_(sun) and age \sim 1.54*10^4 yr. The model shows that the circumstellar disc emission is important for the wavelength between 1 and 10 um, otherwise, envelope fluxes for lambda >10 um. The bipolar outflow is confirmed in the molecular cloud. The excited star of the HII region has the chance to be the driving source of the outflow. The high resolution is required.Comment: 12 pages, 20 figures and 5 tables, Accepted for publication in RA

Effects of triazolodiazepine on the production of interleukin-6 from murine spleen cells and rabbit synovial cells in vitro

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates the immune response, acute phase anaphylactic reaction, and haematopoiesis. Lipopolysaccharide (6–24 μg/ml) significantly induced IL-6 release from murine spleen cells. In cultured rabbit synovial cells interleukin-1 (IL-1, 1–10 U/ml) induced IL-6 production in a concentration-dependent manner. Triazolodiazepine (Tri) is a hetrazepine platelet-activating factor antagonist. In this study we found that Tri (0.1–10 μmol/l) exerted strong inhibitory effects on LPS stimulated IL-6 production in murine spleen cells. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of IL-6 release was time-independent. In rabbit synovial cells Tri also reduced IL-6 release induced by IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor. Inhibition of cytokine production by Tri may partially explain its wide and strong anti-inflammatory effects

Up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α by cobalt chloride correlates with proliferation and apoptosis in PC-2 cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The exact mechanism of the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis in carcinoma cells is still conflicting. This study investigated the variation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α) expression and the apoptosis effect of hypoxia stimulated by cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) in pancreatic cancer PC-2 cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>PC-2 cells were cultured with different concentration (50-200 μmol/L) of CoCl₂after 24-120 hours to simulate hypoxia in vitro. The proliferation of PC-2 cells was examined by MTT assay. The cellular morphology of PC-2 cells were observed by light inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope(EM). The expression of HIF-1α on mRNA and protein level was measured by semi-quantitive RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Apoptosis of PC-2 cells were demonstrated by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>MTT assay showed that the proliferation of PC-2 cells were stimulated in the first 72 h, while after treated over 72 h, a dose- dependent inhibition of cell growth could be observed. By using transmission electron microscope, swollen chondrosomes, accumulated chromatin under the nuclear membrane and apoptosis bodies were observed. Flow cytometer(FCM) analysis showed the apoptosis rate was correlated with the dosage of CoCl₂. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that hypoxia could up-regulate the expression of HIF-1α on both mRNA and protein levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hypoxic microenvironment stimulated by CoCl₂could effectively induce apoptosis and influence cell proliferation in PC-2 cells, the mechanism could be related to up-expression of HIF-1α.</p

Relations between near-field enhancements and Purcell factors in hybrid nanostructures of plasmonic antennas and dielectric cavities

Strong near-field enhancements (NFEs) of nanophotonic structures are believed to be closely related to high Purcell factors (FP). Here, we theoretically show that the correlation is partially correct; the extinction cross section ({\sigma}) response is also critical in determining FP. The divergence between NFE and FP is especially pronounced in plasmonic-dielectric hybrid systems, where the plasmonic antenna supports dipolar plasmon modes and the dielectric cavity hosts Mie-like resonances. The cavity's enhanced-field environment can boost the antenna's NFEs, but the FP is not increased concurrently due to the larger effective {\sigma} that is intrinsic to the FP calculations. Interestingly, the peak FP for the coupled system can be predicted by using the NFE and {\sigma} responses. Furthermore, the limits for FP of coupled systems are considered; they are determined by the sum of the FP of a redshifted (or modified, if applicable) antenna and an individual cavity. This contrasts starkly with the behavior of NFE which is closely associated with the multiplicative effects of the NFEs provided by the antenna and the dielectric cavity. The differing behaviors of NFE and FP in hybrid cavities have varied impacts on relevant nanophotonic applications such as fluorescence, Raman scattering and enhanced light-matter interactions