37 research outputs found

    Rapid response to the M_w 4.9 earthquake of November 11, 2019 in Le Teil, Lower RhĂŽne Valley, France

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    On November 11, 2019, a Mw 4.9 earthquake hit the region close to Montelimar (lower RhĂŽne Valley, France), on the eastern margin of the Massif Central close to the external part of the Alps. Occuring in a moderate seismicity area, this earthquake is remarkable for its very shallow focal depth (between 1 and 3 km), its magnitude, and the moderate to large damages it produced in several villages. InSAR interferograms indicated a shallow rupture about 4 km long reaching the surface and the reactivation of the ancient NE-SW La Rouviere normal fault in reverse faulting in agreement with the present-day E-W compressional tectonics. The peculiarity of this earthquake together with a poor coverage of the epicentral region by permanent seismological and geodetic stations triggered the mobilisation of the French post-seismic unit and the broad French scientific community from various institutions, with the deployment of geophysical instruments (seismological and geodesic stations), geological field surveys, and field evaluation of the intensity of the earthquake. Within 7 days after the mainshock, 47 seismological stations were deployed in the epicentral area to improve the Le Teil aftershocks locations relative to the French permanent seismological network (RESIF), monitor the temporal and spatial evolution of microearthquakes close to the fault plane and temporal evolution of the seismic response of 3 damaged historical buildings, and to study suspected site effects and their influence in the distribution of seismic damage. This seismological dataset, completed by data owned by different institutions, was integrated in a homogeneous archive and distributed through FDSN web services by the RESIF data center. This dataset, together with observations of surface rupture evidences, geologic, geodetic and satellite data, will help to unravel the causes and rupture mechanism of this earthquake, and contribute to account in seismic hazard assessment for earthquakes along the major regional CĂ©venne fault system in a context of present-day compressional tectonics

    Multifunctional polyesters as key components in the design of nanostructured drug delivery and mesoporous materials

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    9 - Conference paper: 229th American Chemical Society National Meeting, 13-17 Mars 2005, San Diego (USA)International audienc

    Multifunctional Polyester-Based Materials with Controlled Degradability

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    4 - Chapitre de livreHydrolytic degradability can be fine-tuned in polyester-based materials by controlling the nature and placement of comonomers introduced within the polymer structures. This contribution describes how D,L-lactide-, Δ-caprolactone-, and ÎÂČ-hydroxyoctanoate-containing polyesters can be used to design nanostructured drug delivery vehicles and mesoporous polymeric materials. In the first part, the efficient synthesis of poly(ÎÂČ-hydroxyoctanoate)-based block and graft copolymers is addressed. A versatile and straightforward approach toward mesoporous functional polymers via the partial hydrolysis of poly(D,L-lactide)-based Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs) is discussed in a second part

    Évaluation d’enrichissements pour amĂ©liorer le bien-ĂȘtre des poulets de chair

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    International audienceIn response to societal expectations, poultry industry intends to propose ways to improve poultry welfare in indoor systems while controlling the economic costs. The implementation of physical enrichment in the living environment seems particularly beneficial for the poultry welfare. Five farms in France producing broilers from Ross308 or JA987 strains were monitored between March and June 2021. The goal was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of enrichments from the animal and farmer’s point of views. The enrichments were designed to meet different behavioral needs such as exploring (pecking blocks, strings, chains, straw bales, balloons, bag of pellets), roosting and resting (platform perches, linear perches, straw bales and vertical panels) and dust bathing (boxes). First, behavioral observations of the animals (1-min scan-sampling for 5-min and 5-min live observation using continuous sampling, twice per day) were performed and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Then, semi-structured interviews with farmers were conducted and analyzed by thematic descriptive analysis. Enrichments had an impact on the broilers' behaviour: more animals were seen exploring when there was an enrichment for pecking than when there was nothing (10% of animals/scan against 2%, p<0.05). They seemed less stable on thin perches than on platform perches (-20% of animals/scan grooming on thin perches, p<0.05) and preferred to perch on large surfaces (60% of animals/scan against 10% if thin perches, p<0.001). Multi-criteria analyses based on the interviews and behavioral analysis allowed at identifying suitable enrichments such as straw bales, which were favorable both for broilers due to their dual function (perching and pecking) and farmers (repacking litter). This study shows that some basic needs of broilers are satisfied by the presence of enrichments. It is important to provide different types of enrichments so that broilers can exhibit their full behavioral repertoire and thus have an improved welfare.Face aux attentes sociĂ©tales, la filiĂšre avicole souhaite proposer des axes d’amĂ©lioration du bien-ĂȘtre des volailles en systĂšme claustrĂ© tout en maĂźtrisant les surcoĂ»ts Ă©conomiques. La mise en place d’enrichissements physiques du milieu de vie semble bĂ©nĂ©fique au bien-ĂȘtre des volailles. Cinq Ă©levages du Grand-Ouest produisant des poulets de chair Ross308 ou JA987 ont Ă©tĂ© suivis entre mars et juin 2021 afin d’évaluer les forces et faiblesses d’enrichissements du point de vue de l’animal et de l’éleveur. Les enrichissements visaient Ă  rĂ©pondre Ă  diffĂ©rents besoins comportementaux tels qu’explorer (blocs Ă  picorer, ficelles, chaĂźnettes, ballots de paille, ballons, sacs de granulĂ©s), se percher et se reposer (perchoirs plateformes, linĂ©aires, ballots de paille, panneaux verticaux) et rĂ©aliser des bains de poussiĂšre (bac). D’une part, des observations comportementales des animaux (scan sampling toutes les 1-mn sur 5-mns et continuous sampling sur 5-mns, deux fois par jour) ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es et analysĂ©es par des tests de Kruskal-Wallis et Mann-Whitney. D’autre part, des entretiens semi-directifs avec les Ă©leveurs ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s, analysĂ©s via une analyse descriptive thĂ©matique. Les enrichissements ont eu un impact sur les comportements des poulets : davantage d’oiseaux exploraient lorsqu’il y avait la prĂ©sence d’un enrichissement Ă  piquer que lorsqu’il n’y en avait pas (10% d’oiseaux/scan contre 2%, p<0,05). Les panneaux verticaux, plateformes, perchoirs en A et ballots de paille ont particuliĂšrement Ă©tĂ© plĂ©biscitĂ©s par les poulets pour se reposer. Toutefois, moins de toilettage ont Ă©tĂ© constatĂ©s sur les perchoirs fins (-20% d’oiseaux/scan se toilettent sur les perchoirs linĂ©aires comparativement aux perchoirs plateformes, p<0,05). Les poulets semblaient prĂ©fĂ©rer ĂȘtre plus au contact, notamment perchĂ©s, des perchoirs Ă  surfaces larges (60% d’animaux au contact de l’enrichissement/scan contre 10% si perchoirs fins, p<0,001). Des analyses multicritĂšres ont permis d’identifier des enrichissements Ă  privilĂ©gier tels que les ballots de paille, bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour les poulets grĂące Ă  leur double fonction (perchage et picorage) et les Ă©leveurs (peu couteux, repaillage, pas de nettoyage). Cette Ă©tude montre que l’ajout d’enrichissements permettrait de mieux satisfaire, plus ou moins spĂ©cifiquement selon leur type, certains besoins essentiels du poulet. Il apparait important d’apporter diffĂ©rents types d’enrichissements pour que les poulets puissent exprimer la totalitĂ© de leur rĂ©pertoire comportemental et ainsi amĂ©liorer leur bien-ĂȘtre

    Langages du corps

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    Comment parle-t-on du corps au Moyen Âge, comment (se) le reprĂ©sente-t-on, selon les diffĂ©rents points de vue sous lesquels on l’envisage ? Comment se fait-il modĂšle pour apprĂ©hender par le biais mĂ©taphorique d’autres rĂ©alitĂ©s humaines ? Mais aussi, quelles sont ses manifestations propres, comment “s’exprime-t-il” lui-mĂȘme ? Les articles ici rĂ©unis envisagent la question sous ces diffĂ©rentes facettes, dessinant par lĂ  quelques traits d’une anthropologie mĂ©diĂ©vale prenant en compte cette dimension constitutive de notre humanitĂ©. Et, quoique trĂšs loin d’épuiser la matiĂšre, ils permettent de saisir que le corps, Ă©lĂ©ment essentiel du composĂ© humain, n’a jamais peut-ĂȘtre Ă©tĂ© aussi â€œĂ©loquent” et omniprĂ©sent que pendant les siĂšcles que l’on a coutume de considĂ©rer comme ceux du “mĂ©pris chrĂ©tien du corps”
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