Rapid Recovery of Program Execution Under Power Failures for Embedded Systems with NVM

After power is switched on, recovering the interrupted program from the initial state can cause negative impact. Some programs are even unrecoverable. To rapid recovery of program execution under power failures, the execution states of checkpoints are backed up by NVM under power failures for embedded systems with NVM. However, frequent checkpoints will shorten the lifetime of the NVM and incur significant write overhead. In this paper, the technique of checkpoint setting triggered by function calls is proposed to reduce the write on NVM. The evaluation results show an average of 99.8% and 80.5$% reduction on NVM backup size for stack backup, compared to the log-based method and step-based method. In order to better achieve this, we also propose pseudo-function calls to increase backup points to reduce recovery costs, and exponential incremental call-based backup methods to reduce backup costs in the loop. To further avoid the content on NVM is cluttered and out of NVM, a method to clean the contents on the NVM that are useless for restoration is proposed. Based on aforementioned problems and techniques, the recovery technology is proposed, and the case is used to analyze how to recover rapidly under different power failures.Comment: This paper has been accepted for publication to Microprocessors and Microsystems in March 15, 202

CYP-omega-hydroxylation-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid inhibit the basolateral 10pS chloride channel in the rat thick ascending limb

Metabolites of arachidonic acid influence sodium chloride (NaCl) transport in the thick ascending limb. Because a 10pS Cl channel is the major type of chloride channel in the basolateral membrane of this nephron segment, we explored the effect of arachidonic acid on this channel in cell-attached patches. Addition of 5μmol arachidonic acid significantly decreased channel activity (a product of channel number and open probability) while linoleic acid had no effect. To determine if this was mediated by acachidonic acid per se or by its metabolites, we measured channel activity in the presence of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, the selective lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and the cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-ω-hydroxylation inhibitor 17-octadecynoic acid. Neither cyclooxygenase nor lipoxygenase inhibition had an effect on basal chloride channel activity; further they failed to abolish the inhibitory effect of arachidonate on the 10pS channel. However, inhibition of CYP-ω-hydroxylation completely abolished the effect of arachidonic acid. The similarity of the effects of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) and arachidonic acid suggests that the effect of arachidonic acid was mediated by CYP-ω-hydroxylation-dependent metabolites. We conclude that arachidonic acid inhibits the 10pS chloride channel in the basolateral membrane of the medullary thick ascending limb, an effect mediated by the CYP-ω-hydroxylation-dependent metabolite 20-HETE

TMK1-mediated auxin signalling regulates differential growth of the apical hook

The plant hormone auxin has crucial roles in almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Concentrations of auxin vary across different tissues, mediating distinct developmental outcomes and contributing to the functional diversity of auxin. However, the mechanisms that underlie these activities are poorly understood. Here we identify an auxin signalling mechanism, which acts in parallel to the canonical auxin pathway based on the transport inhibitor response1 (TIR1) and other auxin receptor F-box (AFB) family proteins (TIR1/AFB receptors)1,2, that translates levels of cellular auxin to mediate differential growth during apical-hook development. This signalling mechanism operates at the concave side of the apical hook, and involves auxin-mediated C-terminal cleavage of transmembrane kinase 1 (TMK1). The cytosolic and nucleus-translocated C terminus of TMK1 specifically interacts with and phosphorylates two non-canonical transcriptional repressors of the auxin or indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family (IAA32 and IAA34), thereby regulating ARF transcription factors. In contrast to the degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors in the canonical pathway, the newly identified mechanism stabilizes the non-canonical IAA32 and IAA34 transcriptional repressors to regulate gene expression and ultimately inhibit growth. The auxin–TMK1 signalling pathway originates at the cell surface, is triggered by high levels of auxin and shares a partially overlapping set of transcription factors with the TIR1/AFB signalling pathway. This allows distinct interpretations of different concentrations of cellular auxin, and thus enables this versatile signalling molecule to mediate complex developmental outcomes

The LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap I. The Spectroscopic Redshift Catalog

We present a spectroscopic redshift catalog from the LAMOST Complete Spectroscopic Survey of Pointing Area (LaCoSSPAr) in the Southern Galactic Cap (SGC), which is designed to observe all sources (Galactic and extra-galactic) by using repeating observations with a limiting magnitude of $r=18.1~mag$ in two $20~deg^2$ fields. The project is mainly focusing on the completeness of LAMOST ExtraGAlactic Surveys (LEGAS) in the SGC, the deficiencies of source selection methods and the basic performance parameters of LAMOST telescope. In both fields, more than 95% of galaxies have been observed. A post-processing has been applied to LAMOST 1D spectrum to remove the majority of remaining sky background residuals. More than 10,000 spectra have been visually inspected to measure the redshift by using combinations of different emission/absorption features with uncertainty of $\sigma_{z}/(1+z)<0.001$. In total, there are 1528 redshifts (623 absorption and 905 emission line galaxies) in Field A and 1570 redshifts (569 absorption and 1001 emission line galaxies) in Field B have been measured. The results show that it is possible to derive redshift from low SNR galaxies with our post-processing and visual inspection. Our analysis also indicates that up to 1/4 of the input targets for a typical extra-galactic spectroscopic survey might be unreliable. The multi-wavelength data analysis shows that the majority of mid-infrared-detected absorption (91.3%) and emission line galaxies (93.3%) can be well separated by an empirical criterion of $W2-W3=2.4$. Meanwhile, a fainter sequence paralleled to the main population of galaxies has been witnessed both in $M_r$/$W2-W3$ and $M_*$/$W2-W3$ diagrams, which could be the population of luminous dwarf galaxies but contaminated by the edge-on/highly inclined galaxies ($\sim30\%$).Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 2 MRT, accepted by ApJ

Searching for Black Hole Candidates by LAMOST and ASAS-SN

Most dynamically confirmed stellar-mass black holes (BHs) and their candidates were originally selected from X-ray outbursts. In the present work, we search for BH candidates in the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) survey using the spectra along with photometry from the All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN), where the orbital period of the binary may be revealed by the periodic light curve, such as the ellipsoidal modulation type. Our sample consists of nine binaries, where each source contains a giant star with large radial velocity variation (ΔV_R ≳ 70 km s^(-1)) and periods known from light curves. We focus on the nine sources with long periods (T_(ph) > 5 days) and evaluate the mass M_2 of the optically invisible companion. Since the observed ΔV_R from only a few repeating spectroscopic observations is a lower limit of the real amplitude, the real mass M_2 can be significantly higher than the current evaluation. It is likely an efficient method to place constraints on M 2 by combining ΔV_R from LAMOST and T_(ph) from ASAS-SN, particularly by the ongoing LAMOST Medium Resolution Survey