The GNSS system application in the LPV-200 landing approach procedure. Part I: Approach to practical verification

Current RNAV GNSS approach procedures are widely used in Europe and worldwide. The development of the GNSS systems as well as the study and control of satellite signals result in the increasing number of approach types with increasingly higher demands and lower operating minimums. LPV-200 is the precision approach with the most strin-gent requirements, and operational minimums of up to 200ft. For the purposes of Part I of this paper static measurements were performed in order to compare the signal characteristics with ICAO requirements. On the basis of the measurements' results, it can be assumed that, within the analyzed period of time, the GNSS signal at the airport in Dęblin only partially met the requirements set for LPV-200 approaches. The data collected were processed and analyzed using Matlab environment.Obecne procedury podejść do lądowania RNAV GNSS znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w Europie i na świecie. Dzięki rozwojowi systemów GNSS, a także analizie i kontroli sygnałów satelitarnych liczba podejść GNSS stale rośnie. Możliwe staje się projektowanie podejść do lądowania z coraz większymi wymogami co do parametrów sygnału z jednocześnie niższymi minimami. LPV-200 jest skrótem oznaczającym precyzyjne podejście do lądowania o najwyższych wymogach i minimum operacyjnym do 200 ft. Na potrzeby pierwszej części artykułu zostały przeprowadzone pomiary statyczne sygnału GNSS w celu porównania ich z wymaganiami stawianymi przez ICAO. Zasadniczo na podstawie przeprowadzonych pomiarów można stwierdzić, że w analizowanym okresie sygnał GNSS spełniał jedynie częściowo wymogi stawione podejściom LPV-200. Zgromadzone dane zostały przetworzone i przeanalizowane w środowisku Matlab

A Look Inside the Artificial Immune Algorithm Inspired by Clonal Selection Principle

Artificial Immune Systems inspired by clonal selection principle (called clonal selection algorithms) have already been successfully applied to pattern recognition tasks. In this paper we present our implementation of one of them, called CLONCLAS, and discuss its behavior in application to recognition of a set of binary patterns. The algorithm performs process of learning based on a set of training data including patterns which belong to ten previously unknown classes and finally generates a group of classifiers which are able to assign the testing input patterns to appropriate classes. Our experiments were performed for a set of commonly known similarity measures of binary strings to select the most efficient of them. We also observed a phenomenon of transformation of memory contents in subsequent phases of iterated process of the system learning

Induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity, major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (Iak) expression, and interleukin-1 production by swainsonine.

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the reported antitumor activity of systemically administered swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid, is due at least in part to immune modulation involving effector cells (Humphries, M.J.; Matsumoto, K; White, S.L.; Olden, K. Cancer Res. 48:1410-1415; 1988 and White, S. L.; Schweitzer, K.; Humphries, M.J.; Olden, K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 150:615-625; 1988). In this report, studies are presented to show that swainsonine was effective in activating peritoneal macrophages to cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Stimulation of tumoricidal activity of macrophages was associated with increased secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and expression of the Iak major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen on the cell surface. The 3-fold stimulation of cytotoxicity observed in these in vivo studies was comparable to that obtained with Corynebacterium parvum, a commonly used in vivo activating agent. The in vitro incubation of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages with swainsonine consistently resulted in levels of activation (6- to 8-fold) comparable to that obtained by treatment with known in vitro macrophage activating agents such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or recombinant gamma-interferon (rIFN-gamma). The stimulation observed by using swainsonine in combination with LPS was additive, suggesting different mechanisms of action. These studies have important implications not only for treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and immune suppressive disorders, but also for elucidation of the mechanism of macrophage activation

Nowy ultra szybki uziemnik prądu dla rozdzielnic SN

W artykule przedstawiono rozwiązanie ultra-szybkiego uziemnika prądu zwarciowego ograniczającego skutki zwarcia i palącego się łuku w rozdzielnicy poprzez uziemienie trzech faz szyn zbiorczych. Uziemnik zaprojektowano na napięcie 24 kV, jego czas działania wynosi około 2 ms. Zaletą nowo opracowanej konstrukcji jest możliwość wielokrotnego działania bez konieczności wymiany po zadziałaniu jak w przypadku uziemnika pirotechnicznego.The appearance of the short circuit current inside of MV switchgear is the most serious fault associated with generation of high temperature and pressure as well as emission of gazes produced by the electric arc and melted elements inside of the switchgear. The ultra-fast earthing switch (UFES) developed by the authors will be able to reduce the above mentioned effects due to direct grounding of the three phases current caring bars. The operation time of the UFES should be as short as possible to reduce the arc energy dissipated inside of the switchgear. Therefore, a prototype of the UFES was built in the Electrotechnical Institute laboratory and was experimentally validated. The UFES developed in the Electrotechnical Institute for 24 kV with the required operating time of about 2 ms can be used several times with no need to replace any of its parts. It is ecological, environmentally friendly and is safe for the staff working nearby. In the UFES, the most important elements used are the ultra-fast actuator and the vacuum chamber as a switching element, therefore the UFES can operate many times without necessity to replace any of its parts. This is the greatest advantage of this solution. The earthing switches produced presently have the operating time of about 2 ms, but the contacts are actuated by means of exploding materials, therefore after operation the switch has to be replaced with a new one