2 research outputs found
Exploring Next Generation Probiotics for Metabolic and Microbiota Dysbiosis Linked to Xenobiotic Exposure: Holistic Approach
Variation of gut microbiota in metabolic diseases seems to be related to dysbiosis induced
by exposure to multiple substances called Microbiota Disrupting Chemicals (MDCs), which are
present as environmental and dietary contaminants. Some recent studies have focused on elucidating
the alterations of gut microbiota taxa and their metabolites as a consequence of xenobiotic exposures
to find possible key targets involved in the severity of the host disease triggered. Compilation of data
supporting the triad of xenobiotic-microbiota-metabolic diseases would subsequently allow such
health misbalances to be prevented or treated by identifying beneficial microbe taxa that could be
Next Generation Probiotics (NGPs) with metabolic enzymes for MDC neutralisation and mitigation
strategies. In this review, we aim to compile the available information and reports focused on
variations of the main gut microbiota taxa in metabolic diseases associated with xenobiotic exposure
and related microbial metabolite profiles impacting the host health status. We performed an extensive
literature search using SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases. The data retrieval and
thorough analyses highlight the need for more combined metagenomic and metabolomic studies
revealing signatures for xenobiotics and triggered metabolic diseases. Moreover, metabolome and
microbiome compositional taxa analyses allow further exploration of how to target beneficial NGP
candidates according to their alleged variability abundance and potential therapeutic significance.
Furthermore, this holistic approach has identified limitations and the need of future directions to
expand and integrate key knowledge to design appropriate clinical and interventional studies with
NGPs. Apart from human health, the beneficial microbes and metabolites identified could also be
proposed for various applications under One Health, such as probiotics for animals, plants and
environmental bioremediation.FEDER Project Infrastructure IE_2019-198Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission PI20/01278FIBAO
EU-FORA Programme (2020/2021
Impact of Cumulative Environmental and Dietary Xenobiotics on Human Microbiota: Risk Assessment for One Health
Chemical risk assessment in the context of the risk analysis framework was initially
designed to evaluate the impact of hazardous substances or xenobiotics on human health. As the
need of multiple stressors assessment was revealed to be more reliable regarding the occurrence
and severity of the adverse effects in the exposed organisms, the cumulative risk assessment started
to be the recommended approach. As toxicant mixtures and their “cocktail effects” are considered
to be main hazards, the most important exposure for these xenobiotics would be of dietary and
environmental origin. In fact, even a more holistic prism should currently be considered. In this
sense, the definition of One Health refers to simultaneous actions for improving human, animal, and
environmental health through transdisciplinary cooperation. Global policies necessitate going beyond
the classical risk assessment for guaranteeing human health through actions and implementation
of the One Health approach. In this context, a new perspective is proposed for the integration of
microbiome biomarkers and next generation probiotics potentially impacting and modulating not
only human health, but plant, animal health, and the environment