4 research outputs found
Actions of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor ligands in the gut
The incretin hormone glucagonâlike peptideâ1 (GLPâ1) is inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidaseâ4 even before it leaves the gut, but it seems to act predominantly via activation of intestinal sensory neurons expressing GLPâ1 receptors. Thus, activation of vagal afferents is probably responsible for its effects on appetite and food intake, gastrointestinal secretion and motility, and pancreatic endocrine secretion. However, GLPâ1 receptors are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including epithelial cells in the stomach, and the Brunner glands, in endocrine cells of the gut epithelium, and on mucosal lymphocytes. In this way, GLPâ1 may have important local actions of epithelial protection and endocrine signalling and may interact with the immune system. We review the formation and release of GLPâ1 from the endocrine L cells and its fate after release and describe the localization of its receptor throughout the GI tract and discuss its direct or indirect actions in the GI tract. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on GLP1 receptor ligands (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.4/issueto