Impact of plastic pollution on soil biological activity in white truffle habitats in the large river plains in Serbia

The impact of plastic pollution on forest soil biota is an emerging research area. There are knowledge gaps on a forest microbiome composition and activity as effected by wild waste deposition in forest ecosystems located on white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) habitat areas. Particles of plastic materials decompose into micro-plastic particles and are responsible for many changes in the soil physicochemical characteristics, including porosity, enzymatic activities, microbial activities, plant growth. One of the first investigations of plastic and microplastic (MP) in the soil on the territory of Serbia is currently underway and is being carried out within the project "Evaluation of the Microplastic in the Soils of Serbia - EMIPLAST - SoS". The research sites are located on the alluvial plains of the largest rivers in Serbia, which are the habitats of the white truffle. Forest sites visibly polluted and non-polluted by plastic materials were sampled and analysed for soil main chemical, physical and biological properties. Potentially mineralizable soil organic carbon was measured in a long-term incubation of soil samples with sequential measurement of the emitted CO2 flax by alkali trap method. Preliminary results showed that some soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, total C and N, CEC and mechanical composition are significantly affected by the presence of plastic materials. Generally, polluted sites showed elevated microbial respiration and the rates of C mineralization. For the Danube and Morava River basin the differences were significant, while for the Sava river basin the difference wasn’t significant. In order to establish the level of the negative impact of microplastics on soil properties and microbial activity in the longer term, the study is ongoing

ASSESSMENT OF PLASTIC POLLUTION OF THE SOIL ENVIRONMENT

Plastic pollution is fast becoming a serious global environmental problem with the increase in plastic waste over recent decades. One of the first investigations of plastic and microplastic (MP) in the soil on the territory of Serbia is currently underway and is being carried out within the project "Evaluation of the microplastic in the Soils of Serbia – EMIPLAST – SoS" funded by the Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia. The aim of the research is to reveal the impact of the presence of plastic materials on soil’s main chemical, physical and biological properties. The examination of the impact of MP on the soil is being carried out through a comparative analysis of samples from localities that are and are not exposed to MP pollution. Sampling was done in three seasonal repetitions in the 2022 and will be done in the same way in 2023 in all selected plots. Microbial respiration is measured from all samples using the alkaline trap method as an indicator of microbial activity. The parameters related to the soil structure are not variable in such a short time frame, which is why they were determined at the beginning and will be determined at the end of the experimental period: mechanical composition, volumetric mass, specific mass, porosity, aggregate stability and organic matter content. Soil parameters that may affect aggregate stability such as pH, electrical conductivity and total carbon content, as well as soil nutritional status (N, P2O5, K2O, Cu, Zn, Mn and CaCO3) were determined. These parameters are used to characterize the soil at the research sites. Preliminary results showed that some soil properties are significantly affected by the presence of plastic materials. In order to establish the level of the negative impact of microplastics on soil properties and microbial activity in the longer term, the study is ongoing

Ecological and Economic Effects of Applying the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model (FAPSMS): The Case Study of the Barička River Basin Sustainability

It is necessary to harmonize the needs of society in terms of agricultural production and land protection from various forms of degradation throughout sustainable land management. Assessing the justification of investment in sustainable management of land resources is an important step in this process. Consequently, an analysis of soil erosion risk was carried out in the suburban area of the morphological unit of the Barička river watershed, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structure of agricultural production according to the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model from the Aspect of Preserving Land Resources for Mountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS). The value of the existing and projected production structure from an economic aspect was also examined using dynamic economic methods. In order to assess the risk and uncertainty of investments, a sensitive analysis of dynamic methods was carried out. The results show that soil erosion losses are already below tolerance values with the existing production structure and that they could be reduced even more by applying the designed structure. Economic indicators show that the investment is justified and that it is more sensitive to changes in income

Ecological and economic effects of applying the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model (FAPSMS): The case of Barička river basin

It is necessary to harmonize the needs of society in terms of agricultural production and land protection from various forms of degradation. Assessing the justifi cation of investment in sustainable management of land resources is an important step in that process. Consequently, in the suburban area of the morphological unit of the Barička river basin, an analysis of soil erosion risk was carried out using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structure of agricultural production according to the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model from the Aspect of Preserving Land Resources for Mountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS). The value of the existing and projected production structure from the economic aspect was also examined, using dynamic economic methods. In order to assess the risk and uncertainty of investments, a sensitive analysis of dynamic methods was carried out. The results of the research showed that soil erosion losses are already below tolerance values with the existing production structure and that they could be reduced even more by applying the designed structure. Economic indicators have shown that the investment is justified and that it is more sensitive to changes in income

Influence of seed inoculation by nitrogenfixing bacteria and varieties on morphological properties and soybean productivity (Glicine max L.)

Preporučena agrotehnička mera koje se izvodi neposredno pred setvu soje (Glicine max L.) je inokulacija semena azotofiksirajućim bakterijama. Izvođenje eksperimenta imalo je za cilj ispitivanje uticaja faktora inokulacije i faktora genotipa na morfološke osobine, prinos i sadržaj primarnih metabolita zrna. Ispitivane su tri domaće sorte soje (Apolo, Gorštak i Trijumf), na parceli na kojoj je u plodoredu gajena soja, na zemljištu tipa černozem, na oglednom polju Instituta “Tamiš” - Pančevo. Proučavane su sledeće morfloške osobine i parametri prinosa: visina biljke, broj bočnih grana, broj spratova, visina biljke do prve mahune, broj mahuna po biljci, masa mahuna sa zrnom po biljci, masa zrna po biljci i prinos zrna po hektaru. Sadržaj ulja, azota i proteina, određen je standardnim analitičkim metodama. Inokulacija semena statistički je značajno uticala na visinu biljke do prve mahune, dok na ostale morfološke osobine i parametre prinosa inokulacija nije imala statistički značajan uticaj. Na sadržaj ulja, azota i proteina inokulacija nije delovala statistički značajno. Za većinu ispitivanih parametara, bio je značajan efekat genotipa. Prosečan prinos biljaka inokulisanog semena (1250 kg ha-1) i neinokulisanog semena (1230 kg ha-1) bio je daleko manji u odnosu na višegodišnji prosek, zbog značajno nižih količina atmosferskih padavina u odnosu na višegodišnji prosek i visokih prosečnih temperatura vazduha tokom vegetacionog perioda.Recommended agrotechnical measure that is performed immediately before sowing of soybean is the inoculation of grain with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The purpose of the experiment was to examine the influence of inoculation and variety on morphological characteristics, yield and content of primary grain metabolites. Three domestic soybean cultivars (Apollo, Gorštak and Trijumf) were examined on the plot on which soybeans were previously grown, on chernozem-type land, at the experimental field of the Tamiš Pancevo Institute. The following morphological characteristics and yield parameters were studied: plant height, number of side branches, number of nodes, plant height to the first pod, number of pods per plant, the mass of pods per grain per plant, grain weight per plant and grain yield per hectare. The content of oil, nitrogen and protein was determined by standard analytical methods. Inoculation had a statistically significant effect on the morphological trait of plant height up to the first pod, while inoculation had no statistically significant impact on other morphological traits and yield parameters. Inoculation did not have a statistically significant effect on oil, nitrogen and protein content. For most of the examined parameters, the effect of genotype was observed. The average yield of plants of inoculated seed (1250 kg ha-1) and non-inoculated seed (1230 kg ha-1) was far lower than the multi-year average, due to significantly lower precipitation compared to the multi-year average and high average air temperatures during the growing season

Economic effects of applying future agricultural production structure model (fapsms)

It is necessary to harmonize the needs of society in terms of agricultural production and land protection from various forms of degradation throughout sustainable land management. Various models of sustainable soil management are being applied with an aime to prevent the erosion destruction of the soil through adequate processing methods, with appropriate yields and positive economic effects of such production. Assessing the justification of investment in sustainable management of land resources is an important step in this process. Analysis of soil erosion risk was carried out in the suburban area of the morphological unit of the Barička river watershed, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structure of agricultural production according to the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model from the Aspect of Preserving Land Resources for Mountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS). The value of the existing and projected production structure from an economic aspect was also examined using dynamic economic methods such as Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Repayment of the In-vested Funds (RIF), Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) and Net Present Value (NPV). In order to assess the risk and uncertainty of investments, a sensitive analysis of dynamic methods IRR and RIF was carried out. Economic indicators show that the investment is justified and that it is more sensitive to changes in income.[https://sediment.ru/posts/basenet2023/

Future Agricultural Production Structure Model (Fapsms) Impact On Soil Erosion

Various models of sustainable soil management are being applied in the world. They are aimed to prevent the erosion destruction of the soil through adequate processing methods, with appropriate yields and positive economic effects of such production. Conservation of soil on sloped terrains is of great importance, especially having in mind that mountain soils are home to 25% of all terrestrial biodiversity, including agrobiodiversity. Sustainable agricultural management needs to account for site specific characteristics, including topographic factors and coexisting biotopes. In Serbia the trend of people leaving rural households and moving to cities became increased during the second half of the twentieth century that led to a change in soil use so that the areas under meadows, orchards and vineyards were increased at the expense of areas under arable soils and pastures so the intensity of erosion processes have decreased. However, soil erosion is still very widespread in Serbia. More than 86% of Serbia's surface is affected by erosion of different intensity. According to Gavrilović’s erosion potential method, soil erosion endangerment of research area of Barička river basin is in the category of medium erosion endangerment. The aim of this study is to determine existing soil erosion risk and risk after application of Future Agricultural Production Structure Model from the Aspect of Preserving Land Resources for Mountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS), in the suburban area of the morphological unit of the Barička river watershed, in Serbia. An analysis of soil erosion risk was carried out, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structure of agricultural production according to the FAPSMS. The results show that soil erosion losses are already below tolerance values with the existing production structure and that they could be reduced even more by applying the projected structure.[https://sediment.ru/posts/basenet2023/

Carbon Stocks, Sequestration Rate and Efficiency over 50 Years of Increasing Mineral N Fertilization

Microbially mediated soil organic matter is an extremely sensitive pool that indicates subtle changes in the quality parameters. The calculation of different carbon pools (organic carbon—OC, labile carbon—PMC, light carbon—LFC and microbial carbon—MBC), their sequestration rate (Csr) and efficiency (Cse), as affected by 50 yrs. of mineral fertilization, was carried out. The C sequestration rates between the fertilized plots were not significantly different except for the control plot. The sensitivity index, which indicates the response of soil organic matter to changes in different carbon fractions, demonstrated a strong correlation with the amount of light-fraction organic matter (OM). The use of mineral N over 50 years resulted in increase of soil labile C, but did not result in greater C sequestration efficiency. The results give a deeper insight into the behavior of carbon pools and can serve as a reliable basis for further studies focused on neutral carbon emissions and effective C sequestration