The effect of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil on test micromycetes mycelia growth

The antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić et Milojević essential oil on mycelia growth has been performed by macrodilution method. The most efficient impact of N. rtanjensis essential oil on mycelia growth in vitro was found in Alternaria species with the same value of minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) of 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera and Cladosporium cladosporoioides had MIQ values of 1.0 μl/ml whereas Trichoderma viride with MIQ value of 1.6 μl/ml showed the most efficient defense against the essential oil examined. The values of minimal fungicidal quantity (MFQ) in Alternaria sp. 2, B. spicifera and C. cladosporioides match the MIQ values whereas MFQ values in Alternaria sp. 1 is 0.8 μl/ml, and in T. viride 1.8 μl/ml.Makrodilucionom metodom testiran je uticaj etarskog ulja endemične biljke Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae) na micelijalni rast mikromiceta: Alternaria sp. 1, Alternaria sp. 2, Bipolaris spicifera, Cladosporium cladosporioides i Trichoderma viride. Hemijska analiza etarskog ulja N. rtanjensis pokazala je apsolutnu dominaciju 4aα, 7α, 7aβ nepetalaktona (79.89%). Najefikasniji uticaj na rast micelije in vitro zabeležen je kod vrsta roda Alternaria sa istom vrednošću minimalne inhibitorne količine (MIK) od 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera i Cladosporium cladosporioides su imali MIK 1.0 μl/ml, dok je Trichoderma viride, sa vrednošću MIK od 1.6 μl/ml, pokazala najveću otpornost na dejstvo ispitivanog ulja. Vrednosti minimalne fungicidne količine (MFK) se kod Alternaria sp. 2 (0.6 μl/ml), B. spicifera (1.0 μl/ml) i C. cladosporioides (1.0 μl/ml) poklapaju sa vrednostima MIK, dok je kod Alternaria sp. 1 MFK 0.8 μl/ml, a kod T. viride 1.8 μl/ml. Etarsko ulje N. rtanjensis pokazalo je jako antifungalno dejstvo na rast micelije testiranih mikromiceta.nul

The effect of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil on test micromycetes mycelia growth

The antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklić et Milojević essential oil on mycelia growth has been performed by macrodilution method. The most efficient impact of N. rtanjensis essential oil on mycelia growth in vitro was found in Alternaria species with the same value of minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) of 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera and Cladosporium cladosporoioides had MIQ values of 1.0 μl/ml whereas Trichoderma viride with MIQ value of 1.6 μl/ml showed the most efficient defense against the essential oil examined. The values of minimal fungicidal quantity (MFQ) in Alternaria sp. 2, B. spicifera and C. cladosporioides match the MIQ values whereas MFQ values in Alternaria sp. 1 is 0.8 μl/ml, and in T. viride 1.8 μl/ml.Makrodilucionom metodom testiran je uticaj etarskog ulja endemične biljke Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae) na micelijalni rast mikromiceta: Alternaria sp. 1, Alternaria sp. 2, Bipolaris spicifera, Cladosporium cladosporioides i Trichoderma viride. Hemijska analiza etarskog ulja N. rtanjensis pokazala je apsolutnu dominaciju 4aα, 7α, 7aβ nepetalaktona (79.89%). Najefikasniji uticaj na rast micelije in vitro zabeležen je kod vrsta roda Alternaria sa istom vrednošću minimalne inhibitorne količine (MIK) od 0.6 μl/ml. Bipolaris spicifera i Cladosporium cladosporioides su imali MIK 1.0 μl/ml, dok je Trichoderma viride, sa vrednošću MIK od 1.6 μl/ml, pokazala najveću otpornost na dejstvo ispitivanog ulja. Vrednosti minimalne fungicidne količine (MFK) se kod Alternaria sp. 2 (0.6 μl/ml), B. spicifera (1.0 μl/ml) i C. cladosporioides (1.0 μl/ml) poklapaju sa vrednostima MIK, dok je kod Alternaria sp. 1 MFK 0.8 μl/ml, a kod T. viride 1.8 μl/ml. Etarsko ulje N. rtanjensis pokazalo je jako antifungalno dejstvo na rast micelije testiranih mikromiceta.nul

In vitro flowering of dark-grown Centaurium pulchellum

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In vitro flowering of dark-grown Centaurium pulchellum

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The counteracting effect of potassium cyanide in sodium azide-inhibited germination of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. seeds

The effect of some respiratory inhibitors on light-induced Paulownia tomentosa Steud. seed germination was studied. Millimolar solution of sodium azide was sufficient to completely prevent germination induced by a 5-min red light pulse. The inhibitory effect of azide was absent if seeds were rinsed before phytochrome activation by light. Sodium azide was effective only if present in the period of Pfr activity. The escape time from azide inhibition compared to the escape from far-red light action, was delayed for about 24 hours. When azide was applied after phytochrome activation, its effect depended on how long it was present in the incubation medium. The removal of azide allowed full restoration of germination by another red light pulse and the far-red escape time did not differ from the escape of untreated, i.e. water-imbibed seeds. Potassium cyanide alone did not produce any effect in light-stimulated germination of these seeds. However, it counteracted the inhibitory effect of azide in light-stimulated germination, if applied simultaneously at a concentration three times higher

Multiplication of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. shoots and their flavonoid composition

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Multiplication of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. shoots and their flavonoid composition

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Micropropagation and reintroduction of Nepeta rtanjensis, an endemic and critically endangered perennial of Serbia

A micropropagation protocol was developed for the conservation of critically endangered Serbian perennial Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae). Rooted shoots were obtained from one-node stem segments and shoot tips on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators. The best pH of the medium for axillary buds induction and for rooting of shoots was found to be at 7 and/or 7.2 respectively. The addition of cytokinins to the culture medium did not significantly stimulated auxillary bud production as compared to the control. On the contrary, on media supplemented with high cytokinin concentrations, only dwarf shoots with rudimentary roots were obtained. All tested concentrations of 6-benzylaminopyrine (BAP) and kinetine (Kn) in combination with 0.1 mg 1(-1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) negatively affected the elongation and rooting of shoots. Plants micropropagated on hormone free medium and rooted in vitro were successfully acclimatized in greenhouse and in open field conditions. The result of successful acclimatization was the production of more than 7000 plantlets with normal sexually reproduction. They flowered, fruited and produced seeds which exhibited 47% germination. The survival rate of plants that were transferred to the open field for the acclimatization and exposed to the winter chill was 99%. The reintroduction of N. rtanjensis occurred in May 2004. One thousand plantlets were planted within the historic range of this plant species. The survival rate was also 99%.nul

Micropropagation and reintroduction of Nepeta rtanjensis, an endemic and critically endangered perennial of Serbia

A micropropagation protocol was developed for the conservation of critically endangered Serbian perennial Nepeta rtanjensis (Lamiaceae). Rooted shoots were obtained from one-node stem segments and shoot tips on a half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without growth regulators. The best pH of the medium for axillary buds induction and for rooting of shoots was found to be at 7 and/or 7.2 respectively. The addition of cytokinins to the culture medium did not significantly stimulated auxillary bud production as compared to the control. On the contrary, on media supplemented with high cytokinin concentrations, only dwarf shoots with rudimentary roots were obtained. All tested concentrations of 6-benzylaminopyrine (BAP) and kinetine (Kn) in combination with 0.1 mg 1(-1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) negatively affected the elongation and rooting of shoots. Plants micropropagated on hormone free medium and rooted in vitro were successfully acclimatized in greenhouse and in open field conditions. The result of successful acclimatization was the production of more than 7000 plantlets with normal sexually reproduction. They flowered, fruited and produced seeds which exhibited 47% germination. The survival rate of plants that were transferred to the open field for the acclimatization and exposed to the winter chill was 99%. The reintroduction of N. rtanjensis occurred in May 2004. One thousand plantlets were planted within the historic range of this plant species. The survival rate was also 99%.nul