Power in Plain Sight: Exploring the Class Privilege at in Curriculum at Wealthy High Schools

While secondary education has moderately improved in its approach of racial and gender issues in the classroom, social class remains an undiscussed topic, especially in school communities serving students of the highest social classes where financial privilege often intersects with racial privilege. The lack of discussion of social class is considered against the role schooling is meant to play in creating good citizens and the different ways that is construed. Taking into account research into the identity formation of wealthy adolescents, the hidden curriculum in secondary schools that supports the current social order, and pedagogical practices that could be used to disrupt the status quo, this project produces a curricular approach to social science that could create more justice-oriented citizens. The project proposes a curriculum for World History that confronts the historic nature of social privilege and power by naming the oppressor and their benefits, developing empathy through stories of the oppressed, and supporting students in developing a justice-oriented praxis. An outline for the unit and lesson plans are included

A hiperfiltração glomerular está associada a alterações de pressão sangüínea em pacientes DMDI normotensivos

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the blood pressure patterns in normoalbuminuric IDDM patients with glomerular hyperfiltration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study of 38 normotensive normoalbuminuric (urinary albumin excretion rate 134 ml × min-1× 1.73m-2] and 20 normofiltering) and 20 normal individuals matched for age, sex, and body mass index was performed. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was monitored using an auscultatory technique; the glomerular filtration rate was measured by 51Cr-labeled EDTA method; extracellular volume by the distribution volume of 51Cr-labeled EDTA; and 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Mean nocturnal diastolic blood pressure was higher in hyperfiltering IDDM patients (70.4 ± 7.8 mmHg), when compared with the control group (65.1 ± 5.3 mmHg, P = 0.04). Diastolic blood pressure night:day ratio was higher in hyperfiltering IDDM patients (92.0 ± 8.6%), when compared with normofiltering IDDM patients (85.9 ± 4.8%) and control subjects (87.0 ± 6.8%, P = 0.02). In IDDM patients, the glomerular filtration rate significantly correlated with the diastolic blood pressure night:day ratio (r = 0.5, P = 0.002), extracellular volume (r = 0.4, P = 0.002), and HbA1 (r = 0.3, P = 0.03). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors associated with glomerular filtration rate were diastolic blood pressure night:day ratio, extracellular volume, and HbA1 (adjusted r2 = 0.27, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with higher nocturnal diastolic blood pressure and with a blunted nocturnal decrease in diastolic blood pressure levels in normotensive and normoalbuminuric IDDM patients.OBJETIVO: Analisar os padrões de pressão sangüínea em pacientes normoalbuminúricos DMDI com hiperfiltração glomerular. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foi feito um estudo controlado em cortes transversais com 38 pacientes normoalbuminúricos normotensivos (taxa de excreção urinária de albumina>20 mg/min) DMDI (hiperfiltração em 18 [taxa de filtração glomerular>134 ml x min-1 x 1,73m-2] e normofiltração em 20), e de 20 indivíduos normais agrupados por idade, sexo, e índice de massa corporal. A pressão sangüínea ambulatorial foi monitorada em 24 h pelo métodoauscultatório; a taxa de filtração glomerular foi medida através do método 51Cr-EDTA; o volume extracelular, através do volume de distribuição do 51Cr- EDTA; e a taxa excreção urinária de albumina em 24 h, por radioimunoensaio RESULTADOS: A média da pressão sangüinea diastólica noturna foi mais alta em pacientes DMDI com hiperfiltração (70,4 + 7,8 mmHg), quando comparada à do grupo controle (65,1 + 5,3 mmHg, P=0,04). A relação diurna:noturna da pressão sangüínea diastólica foi mais alta em pacientes DMDI com hiperfiltração (92,0 + 8,6%) quando comparada a mesma relação dos pacientes DMDI com normofiltração (85,9 + 4,8%) e controles (87,0 + 6,8%, P=0,02). Os pacientes DMDI apresentaram uma taxa de filtração glomerular significativamente correlacionada com a relação diurna:noturna de pressão diastólica (r=0,5, P=0,002), com o volume extracelular (r=0,4, P=0,002), e com HbA1 (r=0,3, P=0,03). Na análise de regressão múltipla escalonada, os fatores associados com a taxa de filtração glomerular foram: relação diurna:noturna de pressão sangüinea diastólica, volume extracelular, e HbA1 (ajustado r2=0,27, P=0,003). CONCLUSÕES: Hiperfiltração glomerular está associada à pressão sangüínea diastólica noturna elevada e a uma diminuição noturna abrupta dos níveis de pressão sangüínea diastólica em pacientes normotensivos e em pacientes DMDI normoalbuminúricos

Influenza vaccines really work? Keeping apart the true from the false

A yearly seasonal flu vaccine is the best preventive method we have against influenza at this time. Even then, vaccination adoption is hampered by on-going discussions about safety and effectiveness. In order to dot the I's and cross the T's at the fifth ESWI influenza conference, a dedicated SPI track focused on these important aspects of influenza vaccination

Whole genome analysis of two sympatric human Mansonella: Mansonella perstans and Mansonella sp “DEUX”

IntroductionMansonella species are filarial parasites that infect humans worldwide. Although these infections are common, knowledge of the pathology and diversity of the causative species is limited. Furthermore, the lack of sequencing data for Mansonella species, shows that their research is neglected. Apart from Mansonella perstans, a potential new species called Mansonella sp “DEUX” has been identified in Gabon, which is prevalent at high frequencies. We aimed to further determine if Mansonella sp “DEUX” is a genotype of M. perstans, or if these are two sympatric species.MethodsWe screened individuals in the area of Fougamou, Gabon for Mansonella mono-infections and generated de novo assemblies from the respective samples. For evolutionary analysis, a phylogenetic tree was reconstructed, and the differences and divergence times are presented. In addition, mitogenomes were generated and phylogenies based on 12S rDNA and cox1 were created.ResultsWe successfully generated whole genomes for M. perstans and Mansonella sp “DEUX”. Phylogenetic analysis based on annotated protein sequences, support the hypothesis of two distinct species. The inferred evolutionary analysis suggested, that M. perstans and Mansonella sp “DEUX” separated around 778,000 years ago. Analysis based on mitochondrial marker genes support our hypothesis of two sympatric human Mansonella species.DiscussionThe results presented indicate that Mansonella sp “DEUX” is a new Mansonella species. These findings reflect the neglect of this research topic. And the availability of whole genome data will allow further investigations of these speciesWe acknowledge funding by DZIF (DZIF sequencing project number: TTU 03.820_00) and BMBF (ELIMONCHO-Project: 01DG20021). TG group acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for grant PID2021-126067NB-I00, cofounded by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), from the Catalan Research Agency (AGAUR) SGR423; from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC-2016-724173); from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant GBMF9742); from the “La Caixa” foundation (Grant LCF/PR/HR21/00737), and from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (IMPACT Grant IMP/0019 and CIBERINFEC CB21/13/00061-ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF). NGS sequencing methods were performed with the support of the DFG-funded NGS Competence Center Tübingen (INST 37/1049-1). We acknowledge support by Open Access Publishing Fund of University of Tübingen.Peer Reviewed"Article signat per 14 autors/es: Miriam Rodi, Caspar Gross, Thaisa Lucas Sandri, Lilith Berner, Marina Marcet-Houben, Ersoy Kocak, Michaela Pogoda, Nicolas Casadei, Carsten Köhler, Andrea Kreidenweiss, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Toni Gabaldón, Stephan Ossowski and Jana Held"Postprint (published version

Effect of age and sex on glomerular filtration rate measured by 51Cr-EDTA

l. The effect of age and sex on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by the 51Cr-EDTA radioisotopic method in 76 normal individuals (43 women and 33 men). 2. Age has a significant effect on GFR. Subjects aged 41 to 60 years have GFR values [104.5 ± 16.5 ml min"1 (1.73 m2)" 1 , N- 43]lower than younger individuals aged 20 to 40 years [116.6 ± 11.2 ml min"1 (1.73 m2 )" 1 , N- 33]. GFR decreases after 40 years of age by approximately 6.0 ml min"1 (1.73 m2)"1 per decade. 3. GFR values in women [105.9 ± 16.0 ml min" 1 (1.73 m2)" 1 , N- 43] were lower when compared to men [114.8 ± 14.3 ml min"1 (1.73 m2)" 1 , N = 33]. 4. We conclude that the effect of sex and age must be taken into account when establishing reference values for GFR

A hiperfiltração glomerular está associada a alterações de pressão sangüínea em pacientes DMDI normotensivos

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the blood pressure patterns in normoalbuminuric IDDM patients with glomerular hyperfiltration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study of 38 normotensive normoalbuminuric (urinary albumin excretion rate <20 mg/min) IDDM patients (18 hyperfiltering [glomerular filtration rate > 134 ml × min-1× 1.73m-2] and 20 normofiltering) and 20 normal individuals matched for age, sex, and body mass index was performed. The 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was monitored using an auscultatory technique; the glomerular filtration rate was measured by 51Cr-labeled EDTA method; extracellular volume by the distribution volume of 51Cr-labeled EDTA; and 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Mean nocturnal diastolic blood pressure was higher in hyperfiltering IDDM patients (70.4 ± 7.8 mmHg), when compared with the control group (65.1 ± 5.3 mmHg, P = 0.04). Diastolic blood pressure night:day ratio was higher in hyperfiltering IDDM patients (92.0 ± 8.6%), when compared with normofiltering IDDM patients (85.9 ± 4.8%) and control subjects (87.0 ± 6.8%, P = 0.02). In IDDM patients, the glomerular filtration rate significantly correlated with the diastolic blood pressure night:day ratio (r = 0.5, P = 0.002), extracellular volume (r = 0.4, P = 0.002), and HbA1 (r = 0.3, P = 0.03). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, factors associated with glomerular filtration rate were diastolic blood pressure night:day ratio, extracellular volume, and HbA1 (adjusted r 2 = 0.27, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Glomerular hyperfiltration is associated with higher nocturnal diastolic blood pressure and with a blunted nocturnal decrease in diastolic blood pressure levels in normotensive and normoalbuminuric IDDM patientsOBJETIVO: Analisar os padrões de pressão sangüínea em pacientes normoalbuminúricos DMDI com hiperfiltração glomerular.PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foi feito um estudo controlado em cortes transversais com 38 pacientes normoalbuminúricos normotensivos (taxa deexcreção urinária de albumina>20 mg/min) DMDI (hiperfiltração em 18 [taxade filtração glomerular>134 ml x min-1 x 1,73m-2] e normofiltração em 20), e de20 indivíduos normais agrupados por idade, sexo, e índice de massa corporal.A pressão sangüínea ambulatorial foi monitorada em 24 h pelo método auscultatório; a taxa de filtração glomerular foi medida através do método51Cr-EDTA; o volume extracelular, através do volume de distribuição do 51CrEDTA; e a taxa excreção urinária de albumina em 24 h, por radioimunoensaio.RESULTADOS: A média da pressão sangüinea diastólica noturna foi mais alta em pacientes DMDI com hiperfiltração (70,4 + 7,8 mmHg), quando comparada à do grupo controle (65,1 + 5,3 mmHg, P=0,04). A relaçãodiurna:noturna da pressão sangüínea diastólica foi mais alta em pacientes DMDI com hiperfiltração (92,0 + 8,6%) quando comparada a mesma relação dos pacientes DMDI com normofiltração (85,9 + 4,8%) e controles (87,0 + 6,8%, P=0,02). Os pacientes DMDI apresentaram uma taxa de filtração glomerular significativamente correlacionada com a relação diurna:noturnade pressão diastólica (r=0,5, P=0,002), com o volume extracelular (r=0,4, P=0,002), e com HbA1 (r=0,3, P=0,03). Na análise de regressão múltiplaescalonada, os fatores associados com a taxa de filtração glomerular foram: relação diurna:noturna de pressão sangüinea diastólica, volume extracelular, e HbA1 (ajustado r2=0,27, P=0,003). CONCLUSÕES: Hiperfiltração glomerular está associada à pressão sangüínea diastólica noturna elevada e a uma diminuição noturna abrupta dos níveis de pressão sangüínea diastólica em pacientes normotensivos eem pacientes DMDI normoalbuminúricos.

"The daily grunt": middle class bias and vested interests in the 'Getting in Early' and 'Why Can't They Read?' reports.

It is a long-standing and commonly held belief in the UK and elsewhere that the use of elite forms of language reflects superior intellect and education. Expert opinion from sociolinguistics, however, contends that such a view is the result of middle-class bias and cannot be scientifically justified. In the 1960s and 1970s,such luminaries as Labov (1969) and Trudgill (1975) were at pains to point out to educationalists, with some success, that this 'deficit 'view of working-class children's communicative competence is not a helpful one. However, a close reading of recent think-tank reports and policy papers on language and literacy teaching in schools reveals that the linguistic deficit hypothesis has resurfaced and is likely to influence present-day educational policy and practice. In this paper I examine in detail the findings, claims and recommendations of the reports and I argue that they are biased, poorly researched and reflect the vested interests of certain specialist groups, such as speech and language therapists and companies who sell literacy materials to schools. I further argue that we need to, once again, inject the debate with the social dimensions of educational failure, and we need to move away from the pathologisation of working-class children's language patterns

results of a mixed methods pilot study

Background ‘Kneipp Therapy’ (KT) is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) that includes a combination of hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, mind-body medicine, physical activities, and healthy eating. Since 2007, some nursing homes for older adults in Germany began to integrate CAM in the form of KT in care. The study investigated how KT is used in daily routine care and explored the health status of residents and caregivers involved in KT. Methods We performed a cross-sectional pilot study with a mixed methods approach that collected both quantitative and qualitative data in four German nursing homes in 2011. Assessments in the quantitative component included the Quality of Life in Dementia (QUALIDEM), the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), the Barthel-Index for residents and the Work Ability Index (WAI) and SF-12 for caregivers. The qualitative component addressed the residents’ and caregivers’ subjectively experienced changes after integration of KT. It was conceptualized as an ethnographic rapid appraisal by conducting participant observation and semi-structured interviews in two of the four nursing homes. Results The quantitative component included 64 residents (53 female, 83.2 ± 8.1 years (mean and SD)) and 29 caregivers (all female, 42.0 ± 11.7 years). Residents were multimorbid (8 ± 3 diagnoses), and activities of daily living were restricted (Barthel-Index 60.6 ± 24.4). The caregivers’ results indicated good work ability (WAI 37.4 ± 5.1), health related quality of life was superior to the German sample (SF-12 physical CSS 49.2 ± 8.0; mental CSS 54.1 ± 6.6). Among both caregivers and residents, 89% considered KT to be positive for well-being. The qualitative analysis showed that caregivers perceived emotional and functional benefits from more content and calmer residents, a larger variety in basic care practices, and a more self-determined scope of action. Residents reported gains in attention and caring, and recognition of their lay knowledge. Conclusion Residents showed typical characteristics of nursing home inhabitants. Caregivers demonstrated good work ability. Both reported to have benefits from KT. The results provide a good basis for future projects, e.g. controlled studies to evaluate the effects of CAM in nursing homes

Complementary Medicine in Nursing Homes - Results of a Mixed Methods Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: ‘Kneipp Therapy’ (KT) is a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) that includes a combination of hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, mind-body medicine, physical activities, and healthy eating. Since 2007, some nursing homes for older adults in Germany began to integrate CAM in the form of KT in care. The study investigated how KT is used in daily routine care and explored the health status of residents and caregivers involved in KT. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional pilot study with a mixed methods approach that collected both quantitative and qualitative data in four German nursing homes in 2011. Assessments in the quantitative component included the Quality of Life in Dementia (QUALIDEM), the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), the Barthel-Index for residents and the Work Ability Index (WAI) and SF-12 for caregivers. The qualitative component addressed the residents’ and caregivers’ subjectively experienced changes after integration of KT. It was conceptualized as an ethnographic rapid appraisal by conducting participant observation and semi-structured interviews in two of the four nursing homes. RESULTS: The quantitative component included 64 residents (53 female, 83.2 ± 8.1 years (mean and SD)) and 29 caregivers (all female, 42.0 ± 11.7 years). Residents were multimorbid (8 ± 3 diagnoses), and activities of daily living were restricted (Barthel-Index 60.6 ± 24.4). The caregivers’ results indicated good work ability (WAI 37.4 ± 5.1), health related quality of life was superior to the German sample (SF-12 physical CSS 49.2 ± 8.0; mental CSS 54.1 ± 6.6). Among both caregivers and residents, 89% considered KT to be positive for well-being. The qualitative analysis showed that caregivers perceived emotional and functional benefits from more content and calmer residents, a larger variety in basic care practices, and a more self-determined scope of action. Residents reported gains in attention and caring, and recognition of their lay knowledge. CONCLUSION: Residents showed typical characteristics of nursing home inhabitants. Caregivers demonstrated good work ability. Both reported to have benefits from KT. The results provide a good basis for future projects, e.g. controlled studies to evaluate the effects of CAM in nursing homes

Assessing brain activations associated with emotional regulation during virtual reality mood induction procedures

Emotional regulation strategies are used by people to influence their emotional responses to external or internal emotional stimuli. The aim of this study is to evaluate the brain activations that are associated with the application of two different emotional regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) during virtual reality mood induction procedures. We used Emotiv EPOC to measure the brain electrical activity of participants while sadness is induced using a virtual reality environment. We monitored 24 participants, who were distributed among three experimental groups: a control group, a cognitive reappraisal group and an expressive suppression group. In the control group, we found significant activations in several right frontal regions that are related to the induction of negative emotions . We also found significant activations in the limbic, occipital, and parietal regions in the emotional regulation groups. These regions are related to the application of emotional regulation strategies. The results are consistent with those shown in the literature, which were obtained through clinical neuroimaging systems.The work of A. Rodriguez was funded by the Spanish MEC under an FPI Grant BES-2011-043316. The work of Miriam Clemente was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana under a VALi+d Grant.Rodríguez Ortega, A.; Rey, B.; Clemente Bellido, M.; Wrzesien, M.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. (2015). Assessing brain activations associated with emotional regulation during virtual reality mood induction procedures. Expert Systems with Applications. 42(3):1699-1709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.10.006S1699170942