Saint-Pierre – Centre de découverte de la Terre

C’est dans le cadre du projet de construction du Centre de découverte de la Terre, mené et financé par le Conseil général de la Martinique, qu’ont été réalisées les fouilles archéologiques du 27 septembre 2001 au 25 janvier 2002. En effet, le projet, comprenant la réalisation de quatre bâtiments qui présenteront les phénomènes géophysiques ou climatiques les plus spectaculaires, sur le thème du volcanisme, doit s’implanter sur une zone archéologique sensible. L’implantation des édifices porta..

L'intégration de l'ethnobotanique et de la génétique des populations met en évidence l'agrobiodiversité des palmiers dattiers de l'oasis de Siwa (Égypte) et leur importance pour l'histoire évolutive de l'espèce.

Crop diversity is shaped by biological and social processes interacting at different spatiotemporal scales. Here we combined population genetics and ethnobotany to investigate date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) diversity in Siwa Oasis, Egypt. Based on interviews with farmers and observation of practices in the field, we collected 149 date palms from Siwa Oasis and 27 uncultivated date palms from abandoned oases in the surrounding desert. Using genotyping data from 18 nuclear and plastid microsatellite loci, we confirmed that some named types each constitute a clonal line, i.e. a true-to-type cultivar. We also found that others are collections of clonal lines, i.e. ethnovarieties, or even unrelated samples, i.e. local categories. This alters current assessments of agrobiodiversity, which are visibly underestimated, and uncovers the impact of low-intensity, but highly effective, farming practices on biodiversity. These hardly observable practices, hypothesized by ethnographic survey and confirmed by genetic analysis, are enabled by the way Isiwans conceive and classify living beings in their oasis, which do not quite match the way biologists do: a classic disparity of etic vs. emic categorizations. In addition, we established that Siwa date palms represent a unique and highly diverse genetic cluster, rather than a subset of North African and Middle Eastern palm diversity. As previously shown, North African date palms display evidence of introgression by the wild relative Phoenix theophrasti, and we found that the uncultivated date palms from the abandoned oases share even more alleles with this species than cultivated palms in this region. The study of Siwa date palms could hence be a key to the understanding of date palm diversification in North Africa. Integration of ethnography and population genetics promoted the understanding of the interplay between diversity management in the oasis (short-time scale), and the origins and dynamic of diversity through domestication and diversification (long-time scale)

Architecture et théorie. L’héritage de la Renaissance

Ce colloque s’insère dans un ensemble de manifestations consacrées à la théorie de l’art : une table ronde introductive en avril 2009 sur la problématique organisée à Paris par Milovan Stanic (université Paris IV) au Centre allemand d’histoire de l’art à Paris, et un colloque sur la théorie des arts figuratifs à Saint-Pétersbourg (direction Milovan Stanic) en 2010. Il est exclusivement dévolu à l’architecture de la Renaissance à nos jours, dans le prolongement du programme de recherche Architectura du CESR, dont l’une des bases est consacrée aux livres d’architecture (XVIe-XVIIe siècle). En même temps que l’architecture « à l’antique », la Renaissance voit renaître la théorie de l’architecture. Qu’il s’agisse de gloses du traité de Vitruve ou d’entreprises autonomes, les traités fleurissent, du De re ædificatoria d’Alberti (Florence, 1485) à l’Idea della architettura universale de Scamozzi (Venise, 1615), en passant par l’œuvre de Serlio, la plus vaste entreprise éditoriale du Cinquecento, la Regola de Vignole (Rome, 1562) maintes fois rééditée et les Quattro libri d’architettura de Palladio (Venise, 1570). Tous ces ouvrages formalisent une pratique de l’art de bâtir dont les représentations mentales restaient implicites au Moyen Âge, limitées aux transmissions traditionnelles des savoir-faire au sein des corporations. Ils ont été souvent réédités, lus et médités tout au long des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles ; et ils marquaient encore l’enseignement de l’École des beaux-arts au début du XXe siècle. Comment la théorie développée dans les traités de la Renaissance a-t-elle contribué à former la pensée architecturale des architectes des siècles suivants ? Telle est la question à laquelle les intervenants, historiens de l’architecture, architectes et critiques contemporains, tenteront de fournir des éléments de réponse

The quail genome:insights into social behaviour, seasonal biology and infectious disease response

Background: The Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) is a popular domestic poultry species and an increasingly significant model species in avian developmental, behavioural and disease research. Results: We have produced a high-quality quail genome sequence, spanning 0.93 Gb assigned to 33 chromosomes. In terms of contiguity, assembly statistics, gene content and chromosomal organisation, the quail genome shows high similarity to the chicken genome. We demonstrate the utility of this genome through three diverse applications. First, we identify selection signatures and candidate genes associated with social behaviour in the quail genome, an important agricultural and domestication trait. Second, we investigate the effects and interaction of photoperiod and temperature on the transcriptome of the quail medial basal hypothalamus, revealing key mechanisms of photoperiodism. Finally, we investigate the response of quail to H5N1 influenza infection. In quail lung, many critical immune genes and pathways were downregulated after H5N1 infection, and this may be key to the susceptibility of quail to H5N1. Conclusions: We have produced a high-quality genome of the quail which will facilitate further studies into diverse research questions using the quail as a model avian species

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Personality trait and subjective work experience fit ( P -SWE fit) as an explanation for voluntary turnover

International audienc

Risques psychosociaux au travail : le rôle modérateur des stratégies de coping

International audienc

L’Aphrodision

Durvye Cécile, Douthe Mathilde, Gros Jean-Sebastien, Nicot Frédérique. L’Aphrodision. In: Bulletin de correspondance hellénique. Volume 132, livraison 2, 2008. pp. 803-806

Origins and insights into the historic Judean date palm based on genetic analysis of germinated ancient seeds and morphometric studies

Germination of 2000-year-old seeds of Phoenix dactylifera from Judean desert archaeological sites provides a unique opportunity to study the Judean date palm, described in antiquity for the quality, size, and medicinal properties of its fruit, but lost for centuries. Microsatellite genotyping of germinated seeds indicates that exchanges of genetic material occurred between the Middle East (eastern) and North Africa (western) date palm gene pools, with older seeds exhibiting a more eastern nuclear genome on a gradient from east to west of genetic contributions. Ancient seeds were significantly longer and wider than modern varieties, supporting historical records of the large size of the Judean date. These findings, in accord with the region’s location between east and west date palm gene pools, suggest that sophisticated agricultural practices may have contributed to the Judean date’s historical reputation. Given its exceptional storage potentialities, the date palm is a remarkable model for seed longevity research

Positive and Negative Work-family Interaction: How Burnout is Related to Job Satisfaction

International audienceAims: The main objective of this study was to test competitive path models describing the relationship between Work–Home Interference, job burnout and job satisfaction. Study Design: Data was obtained from a sample of 95 dentists. A conceptual model in which burnout totally mediates the relationship between Work–Home Interference and job satisfaction was compared to another model in which this mediation was partial. The mediator role was demonstrated using the rationale and procedure suggested by Holmbeck [1]. The results were discussed in light of the literature dealing with burnout. Sample: Data was obtained from a sample of 95 denstists. Practical Implications: The research suggests the very importance of relationships between work and home life, and the mediator role of job burnout for current research in quality of wor