146 research outputs found
Treatment adaptation and Quality of life of hypertensive patients
Giriş: Hipertansiyon, Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne göre dünyadaki her sekiz ölümden birinin sorumlusu olup en öldürücü üçüncü hastalıktır. Amaç: Bu çalışma, hipertansiyon tanısı almış hastaların yaşam kalitesi, tedavi uyumları ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı tipte yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma Isparta Uluborlu İlçe Devlet Hastanesinde Ekim 2011, Ocak 2012 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini tedavi ya da kontrol için başvuran ve çalışmaya katılma kriterlerini karşılayan 165 gönüllü birey oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak, "Sosyo-Demografik Özellikler Formu", "Hill Bone Hipertansiyon Tedavisine Uyum Ölçeği" ve "SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulanması için etik kurul izni dahil gerekli izinlerin tümü alınmıştır. Bulgular: Bulgularımıza göre orta öğretim grubu, beslenme açısından okur-yazar ve ilköğretim gruplarından daha uyumsuzdur. İlginç bir şekilde en düşük beslenme uyumu yüksek öğretim grubuna aittir. Fazla kilolu, 1. ve 2. derece obez olan grupların total uyum düzeylerinin birbirlerinden anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmış ancak, 3. derece obez grubun uyum düzeyinin diğer grupların hepsinden daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. SF-36 fiziksel fonksiyon, rol güç fiziksel fonksiyon, ağrı, genel sağlık, vitalite ve sosyal fonksiyon skorlarının tamamı erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak hastaların sadece %15,8'inin tedaviye tam uyumlu olduğu, tedaviye uyumda yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, medeni durumun yanı sıra yaşam kalitelerinin etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hipertansif hastaların tedavi ve bakımında bu faktörler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır Background: Hypertension is responsible for one of every eight deaths, and it is third most deadly disease of the world according to the World Health Organization. Objectives: This study was made as a descriptive type in order to examine the quality of life of patients who diagnosed with hypertension, compliance with treatment, and the factors affecting it. Methods: Research was made at Uluborlu Town Hospital between October 2011 to January 2012. Sample of the research are 165 voluntary individuals who applied to a policlinic for treatment or control and also meets the criteria for participating in the study. Data collection tools used in this study is; Socio-demographic form, Hill Bone Hypertension Treatment Compliance Scale (HBHTCS) and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale. All of necessary permits included ethics committee approval for the implementation of research was taken. Results: According to our findings secondary education group are incompatible than literacy and primary education groups in terms of nutrition. Interestingly, the lowest dietary compliance belongs to a group of higher education. Overweight, first and secondary obese patients' compliance levels are gradually higher than each other but compliance level of third degree obese group were lower than all other groups. All of the SF-36 scores such as physical functioning, role-power physical function, pain, general health, vitality and social functioning scores were higher in men compared to women. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that only 15.8% of patients is fully compliant with treatment, age, gender, education level, marital status, as well as the quality of life to be effective in adaptation to the treatment. These factors should be considered in the treatment and care of hypertensive patients
Tnfaip2/exoc3 ‐driven lipid metabolism is essential for stem cell differentiation and organ homeostasis
Abstract Lipid metabolism influences stem cell maintenance and differentiation but genetic factors that control these processes remain to be delineated. Here, we identify Tnfaip2 as an inhibitor of reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells. Tnfaip2 knockout impairs differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and knockdown of the planarian para‐ortholog, Smed‐exoc3 , abrogates in vivo tissue homeostasis and regeneration—processes that are driven by somatic stem cells. When stimulated to differentiate, Tnfaip2 ‐deficient ESCs fail to induce synthesis of cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) and lipid droplets (LD) coinciding with reduced expression of vimentin ( Vim )—a known inducer of LD formation. Smed‐exoc3 depletion also causes a strong reduction of TAGs in planarians. The study shows that Tnfaip2 acts epistatically with and upstream of Vim in impairing cellular reprogramming. Supplementing palmitic acid (PA) and palmitoyl‐L‐carnitine (the mobilized form of PA) restores the differentiation capacity of Tnfaip2 ‐deficient ESCs and organ maintenance in Smed‐exoc3 ‐depleted planarians. Together, these results identify a novel role of Tnfaip2 and exoc3 in controlling lipid metabolism, which is essential for ESC differentiation and planarian organ maintenance
Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations
Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and
artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial
Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve
(better) 'understanding' on the part of the explainee. However, what it means
to 'understand' is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely
the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to
present a model of forms of understanding in the context of XAI and beyond.
From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science,
linguistics, sociology, and psychology, a definition of understanding and its
forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday
explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as
possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, 'knowing how' to do or
decide something, and comprehension, 'knowing that' -- both in different
degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow
understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and
enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users
to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness
are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization,
special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed
Search for non-relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with IceCube
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a large Cherenkov detector instrumenting
of Antarctic ice. The detector can be used to search for
signatures of particle physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we describe the
search for non-relativistic, magnetic monopoles as remnants of the GUT (Grand
Unified Theory) era shortly after the Big Bang. These monopoles may catalyze
the decay of nucleons via the Rubakov-Callan effect with a cross section
suggested to be in the range of to
. In IceCube, the Cherenkov light from nucleon decays
along the monopole trajectory would produce a characteristic hit pattern. This
paper presents the results of an analysis of first data taken from May 2011
until May 2012 with a dedicated slow-particle trigger for DeepCore, a
subdetector of IceCube. A second analysis provides better sensitivity for the
brightest non-relativistic monopoles using data taken from May 2009 until May
2010. In both analyses no monopole signal was observed. For catalysis cross
sections of the flux of non-relativistic
GUT monopoles is constrained up to a level of at a 90% confidence level,
which is three orders of magnitude below the Parker bound. The limits assume a
dominant decay of the proton into a positron and a neutral pion. These results
improve the current best experimental limits by one to two orders of magnitude,
for a wide range of assumed speeds and catalysis cross sections.Comment: 20 pages, 20 figure
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory - Contributions to ICRC 2015 Part II: Atmospheric and Astrophysical Diffuse Neutrino Searches of All Flavors
Papers on atmospheric and astrophysical diffuse neutrino searches of all
flavors submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015,
The Hague) by the IceCube Collaboration.Comment: 66 pages, 36 figures, Papers submitted to the 34th International
Cosmic Ray Conference, The Hague 2015, v2 has a corrected author lis
Flavor Ratio of Astrophysical Neutrinos above 35 TeV in IceCube
A diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos above has been
observed at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Here we extend this analysis to
probe the astrophysical flux down to and analyze its flavor
composition by classifying events as showers or tracks. Taking advantage of
lower atmospheric backgrounds for shower-like events, we obtain a shower-biased
sample containing 129 showers and 8 tracks collected in three years from 2010
to 2013. We demonstrate consistency with the
flavor ratio at Earth
commonly expected from the averaged oscillations of neutrinos produced by pion
decay in distant astrophysical sources. Limits are placed on non-standard
flavor compositions that cannot be produced by averaged neutrino oscillations
but could arise in exotic physics scenarios. A maximally track-like composition
of is excluded at , and a purely shower-like
composition of is excluded at .Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to PR
A combined maximum-likelihood analysis of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux measured with IceCube
Evidence for an extraterrestrial flux of high-energy neutrinos has now been
found in multiple searches with the IceCube detector. The first solid evidence
was provided by a search for neutrino events with deposited energies
TeV and interaction vertices inside the instrumented volume. Recent
analyses suggest that the extraterrestrial flux extends to lower energies and
is also visible with throughgoing, -induced tracks from the Northern
hemisphere. Here, we combine the results from six different IceCube searches
for astrophysical neutrinos in a maximum-likelihood analysis. The combined
event sample features high-statistics samples of shower-like and track-like
events. The data are fit in up to three observables: energy, zenith angle and
event topology. Assuming the astrophysical neutrino flux to be isotropic and to
consist of equal flavors at Earth, the all-flavor spectrum with neutrino
energies between 25 TeV and 2.8 PeV is well described by an unbroken power law
with best-fit spectral index and a flux at 100 TeV of
.
Under the same assumptions, an unbroken power law with index is disfavored
with a significance of 3.8 () with respect to the best
fit. This significance is reduced to 2.1 () if instead we
compare the best fit to a spectrum with index that has an exponential
cut-off at high energies. Allowing the electron neutrino flux to deviate from
the other two flavors, we find a fraction of at Earth.
The sole production of electron neutrinos, which would be characteristic of
neutron-decay dominated sources, is rejected with a significance of 3.6
().Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal; updated one referenc
Determining neutrino oscillation parameters from atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance with three years of IceCube DeepCore data
We present a measurement of neutrino oscillations via atmospheric muon
neutrino disappearance with three years of data of the completed IceCube
neutrino detector. DeepCore, a region of denser instrumentation, enables the
detection and reconstruction of atmospheric muon neutrinos between 10 GeV and
100 GeV, where a strong disappearance signal is expected. The detector volume
surrounding DeepCore is used as a veto region to suppress the atmospheric muon
background. Neutrino events are selected where the detected Cherenkov photons
of the secondary particles minimally scatter, and the neutrino energy and
arrival direction are reconstructed. Both variables are used to obtain the
neutrino oscillation parameters from the data, with the best fit given by
and
(normal mass hierarchy assumed). The
results are compatible and comparable in precision to those of dedicated
oscillation experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Search for Prompt Neutrino Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with IceCube
We present constraints derived from a search of four years of IceCube data
for a prompt neutrino flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A single
low-significance neutrino, compatible with the atmospheric neutrino background,
was found in coincidence with one of the 506 observed bursts. Although GRBs
have been proposed as candidate sources for ultra-high energy cosmic rays, our
limits on the neutrino flux disfavor much of the parameter space for the latest
models. We also find that no more than of the recently observed
astrophysical neutrino flux consists of prompt emission from GRBs that are
potentially observable by existing satellites.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
- …