146 research outputs found

    Treatment adaptation and Quality of life of hypertensive patients

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    Giriş: Hipertansiyon, Dünya Sağlık Örgütüne göre dünyadaki her sekiz ölümden birinin sorumlusu olup en öldürücü üçüncü hastalıktır. Amaç: Bu çalışma, hipertansiyon tanısı almış hastaların yaşam kalitesi, tedavi uyumları ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla tanımlayıcı tipte yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma Isparta Uluborlu İlçe Devlet Hastanesinde Ekim 2011, Ocak 2012 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini tedavi ya da kontrol için başvuran ve çalışmaya katılma kriterlerini karşılayan 165 gönüllü birey oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak, "Sosyo-Demografik Özellikler Formu", "Hill Bone Hipertansiyon Tedavisine Uyum Ölçeği" ve "SF-36 Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın uygulanması için etik kurul izni dahil gerekli izinlerin tümü alınmıştır. Bulgular: Bulgularımıza göre orta öğretim grubu, beslenme açısından okur-yazar ve ilköğretim gruplarından daha uyumsuzdur. İlginç bir şekilde en düşük beslenme uyumu yüksek öğretim grubuna aittir. Fazla kilolu, 1. ve 2. derece obez olan grupların total uyum düzeylerinin birbirlerinden anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu saptanmış ancak, 3. derece obez grubun uyum düzeyinin diğer grupların hepsinden daha düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. SF-36 fiziksel fonksiyon, rol güç fiziksel fonksiyon, ağrı, genel sağlık, vitalite ve sosyal fonksiyon skorlarının tamamı erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak hastaların sadece %15,8'inin tedaviye tam uyumlu olduğu, tedaviye uyumda yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim durumu, medeni durumun yanı sıra yaşam kalitelerinin etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hipertansif hastaların tedavi ve bakımında bu faktörler göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır Background: Hypertension is responsible for one of every eight deaths, and it is third most deadly disease of the world according to the World Health Organization. Objectives: This study was made as a descriptive type in order to examine the quality of life of patients who diagnosed with hypertension, compliance with treatment, and the factors affecting it. Methods: Research was made at Uluborlu Town Hospital between October 2011 to January 2012. Sample of the research are 165 voluntary individuals who applied to a policlinic for treatment or control and also meets the criteria for participating in the study. Data collection tools used in this study is; Socio-demographic form, Hill Bone Hypertension Treatment Compliance Scale (HBHTCS) and SF-36 Quality of Life Scale. All of necessary permits included ethics committee approval for the implementation of research was taken. Results: According to our findings secondary education group are incompatible than literacy and primary education groups in terms of nutrition. Interestingly, the lowest dietary compliance belongs to a group of higher education. Overweight, first and secondary obese patients' compliance levels are gradually higher than each other but compliance level of third degree obese group were lower than all other groups. All of the SF-36 scores such as physical functioning, role-power physical function, pain, general health, vitality and social functioning scores were higher in men compared to women. Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that only 15.8% of patients is fully compliant with treatment, age, gender, education level, marital status, as well as the quality of life to be effective in adaptation to the treatment. These factors should be considered in the treatment and care of hypertensive patients

    Tnfaip2/exoc3 ‐driven lipid metabolism is essential for stem cell differentiation and organ homeostasis

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    Abstract Lipid metabolism influences stem cell maintenance and differentiation but genetic factors that control these processes remain to be delineated. Here, we identify Tnfaip2 as an inhibitor of reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells. Tnfaip2 knockout impairs differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and knockdown of the planarian para‐ortholog, Smed‐exoc3 , abrogates in vivo tissue homeostasis and regeneration—processes that are driven by somatic stem cells. When stimulated to differentiate, Tnfaip2 ‐deficient ESCs fail to induce synthesis of cellular triacylglycerol (TAG) and lipid droplets (LD) coinciding with reduced expression of vimentin ( Vim )—a known inducer of LD formation. Smed‐exoc3 depletion also causes a strong reduction of TAGs in planarians. The study shows that Tnfaip2 acts epistatically with and upstream of Vim in impairing cellular reprogramming. Supplementing palmitic acid (PA) and palmitoyl‐L‐carnitine (the mobilized form of PA) restores the differentiation capacity of Tnfaip2 ‐deficient ESCs and organ maintenance in Smed‐exoc3 ‐depleted planarians. Together, these results identify a novel role of Tnfaip2 and exoc3 in controlling lipid metabolism, which is essential for ESC differentiation and planarian organ maintenance

    Forms of Understanding of XAI-Explanations

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    Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) 'understanding' on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to 'understand' is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding in the context of XAI and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, 'knowing how' to do or decide something, and comprehension, 'knowing that' -- both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed

    Search for non-relativistic Magnetic Monopoles with IceCube

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    The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a large Cherenkov detector instrumenting 1km31\,\mathrm{km}^3 of Antarctic ice. The detector can be used to search for signatures of particle physics beyond the Standard Model. Here, we describe the search for non-relativistic, magnetic monopoles as remnants of the GUT (Grand Unified Theory) era shortly after the Big Bang. These monopoles may catalyze the decay of nucleons via the Rubakov-Callan effect with a cross section suggested to be in the range of 1027cm210^{-27}\,\mathrm{cm^2} to 1021cm210^{-21}\,\mathrm{cm^2}. In IceCube, the Cherenkov light from nucleon decays along the monopole trajectory would produce a characteristic hit pattern. This paper presents the results of an analysis of first data taken from May 2011 until May 2012 with a dedicated slow-particle trigger for DeepCore, a subdetector of IceCube. A second analysis provides better sensitivity for the brightest non-relativistic monopoles using data taken from May 2009 until May 2010. In both analyses no monopole signal was observed. For catalysis cross sections of 1022(1024)cm210^{-22}\,(10^{-24})\,\mathrm{cm^2} the flux of non-relativistic GUT monopoles is constrained up to a level of Φ901018(1017)cm2s1sr1\Phi_{90} \le 10^{-18}\,(10^{-17})\,\mathrm{cm^{-2}s^{-1}sr^{-1}} at a 90% confidence level, which is three orders of magnitude below the Parker bound. The limits assume a dominant decay of the proton into a positron and a neutral pion. These results improve the current best experimental limits by one to two orders of magnitude, for a wide range of assumed speeds and catalysis cross sections.Comment: 20 pages, 20 figure

    The IceCube Neutrino Observatory - Contributions to ICRC 2015 Part II: Atmospheric and Astrophysical Diffuse Neutrino Searches of All Flavors

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    Papers on atmospheric and astrophysical diffuse neutrino searches of all flavors submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015, The Hague) by the IceCube Collaboration.Comment: 66 pages, 36 figures, Papers submitted to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, The Hague 2015, v2 has a corrected author lis

    Flavor Ratio of Astrophysical Neutrinos above 35 TeV in IceCube

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    A diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos above 100TeV100\,\mathrm{TeV} has been observed at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Here we extend this analysis to probe the astrophysical flux down to 35TeV35\,\mathrm{TeV} and analyze its flavor composition by classifying events as showers or tracks. Taking advantage of lower atmospheric backgrounds for shower-like events, we obtain a shower-biased sample containing 129 showers and 8 tracks collected in three years from 2010 to 2013. We demonstrate consistency with the (fe:fμ:fτ)(1:1:1)(f_e:f_{\mu}:f_\tau)_\oplus\approx(1:1:1)_\oplus flavor ratio at Earth commonly expected from the averaged oscillations of neutrinos produced by pion decay in distant astrophysical sources. Limits are placed on non-standard flavor compositions that cannot be produced by averaged neutrino oscillations but could arise in exotic physics scenarios. A maximally track-like composition of (0:1:0)(0:1:0)_\oplus is excluded at 3.3σ3.3\sigma, and a purely shower-like composition of (1:0:0)(1:0:0)_\oplus is excluded at 2.3σ2.3\sigma.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to PR

    A combined maximum-likelihood analysis of the high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux measured with IceCube

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    Evidence for an extraterrestrial flux of high-energy neutrinos has now been found in multiple searches with the IceCube detector. The first solid evidence was provided by a search for neutrino events with deposited energies 30\gtrsim30 TeV and interaction vertices inside the instrumented volume. Recent analyses suggest that the extraterrestrial flux extends to lower energies and is also visible with throughgoing, νμ\nu_\mu-induced tracks from the Northern hemisphere. Here, we combine the results from six different IceCube searches for astrophysical neutrinos in a maximum-likelihood analysis. The combined event sample features high-statistics samples of shower-like and track-like events. The data are fit in up to three observables: energy, zenith angle and event topology. Assuming the astrophysical neutrino flux to be isotropic and to consist of equal flavors at Earth, the all-flavor spectrum with neutrino energies between 25 TeV and 2.8 PeV is well described by an unbroken power law with best-fit spectral index 2.50±0.09-2.50\pm0.09 and a flux at 100 TeV of (6.71.2+1.1)1018GeV1s1sr1cm2\left(6.7_{-1.2}^{+1.1}\right)\cdot10^{-18}\,\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}\mathrm{s}^{-1}\mathrm{sr}^{-1}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}. Under the same assumptions, an unbroken power law with index 2-2 is disfavored with a significance of 3.8 σ\sigma (p=0.0066%p=0.0066\%) with respect to the best fit. This significance is reduced to 2.1 σ\sigma (p=1.7%p=1.7\%) if instead we compare the best fit to a spectrum with index 2-2 that has an exponential cut-off at high energies. Allowing the electron neutrino flux to deviate from the other two flavors, we find a νe\nu_e fraction of 0.18±0.110.18\pm0.11 at Earth. The sole production of electron neutrinos, which would be characteristic of neutron-decay dominated sources, is rejected with a significance of 3.6 σ\sigma (p=0.014%p=0.014\%).Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; updated one referenc

    Determining neutrino oscillation parameters from atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance with three years of IceCube DeepCore data

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    We present a measurement of neutrino oscillations via atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance with three years of data of the completed IceCube neutrino detector. DeepCore, a region of denser instrumentation, enables the detection and reconstruction of atmospheric muon neutrinos between 10 GeV and 100 GeV, where a strong disappearance signal is expected. The detector volume surrounding DeepCore is used as a veto region to suppress the atmospheric muon background. Neutrino events are selected where the detected Cherenkov photons of the secondary particles minimally scatter, and the neutrino energy and arrival direction are reconstructed. Both variables are used to obtain the neutrino oscillation parameters from the data, with the best fit given by Δm322=2.720.20+0.19×103eV2\Delta m^2_{32}=2.72^{+0.19}_{-0.20}\times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{eV}^2 and sin2θ23=0.530.12+0.09\sin^2\theta_{23} = 0.53^{+0.09}_{-0.12} (normal mass hierarchy assumed). The results are compatible and comparable in precision to those of dedicated oscillation experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

    Search for Prompt Neutrino Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with IceCube

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    We present constraints derived from a search of four years of IceCube data for a prompt neutrino flux from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A single low-significance neutrino, compatible with the atmospheric neutrino background, was found in coincidence with one of the 506 observed bursts. Although GRBs have been proposed as candidate sources for ultra-high energy cosmic rays, our limits on the neutrino flux disfavor much of the parameter space for the latest models. We also find that no more than 1%\sim1\% of the recently observed astrophysical neutrino flux consists of prompt emission from GRBs that are potentially observable by existing satellites.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure
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