Transformation zone location and intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix uteri.

We examined the relationship between the frequency of premalignant lesions of the cervix and location of the transformation zone on the cervix among 8758 women as assessed using cervicography. An endo- and exocervical smear test was performed at the same time. Women with smear test classified CIN I or more were recalled and any abnormal area was biopsied under colposcopy. The transformation zone was located on the exocervix in 94% of women younger than 25 years old; as age increased, the proportion of women with a transformation zone located on the exocervix steadily decreased to reach less than 2% after 64 years old. As compared with women having a transformation zone in the endocervical canal, the age-adjusted likelihood of discovering a histologically proven dysplastic lesion was 1.8 times more frequent among women with a transformation zone located on the exocervix (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.9). This higher frequency seemed not attributable to a lower sensitivity of the smear test when the transformation zone was hidden. The results also showed that deliveries tended significantly to maintain the transformation zone on the exocervix. Parity is a known risk factor for cervix cancer, but the mechanism by which it favours malignant lesions remain unknown. Our results suggest that with increasing numbers of livebirths, the transformation zone is directly exposed for longer periods to external agents involved in dysplastic lesions

Aspects épidémiologiques et surveillance des environnements à risque

This short text concerns the epidemiological and factual aspects of the control of environment at risk for the health, especially the risks linked to cancers. The definitions of the carcinogens and the evaluation of their impact is shortly described. Strategies for a preventive approach are suggested and their application in the belgian context will be evaluated.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Approche économique du dépistage du cancer du sein en Belgique.

In Belgium, the breast cancer screening by mammography involves a great number of women. It is largely non organized and regarded to the small number of data, it is impossible to determine if this screening is utile and if it has a good "cost-benefit" ratio. This work studies the economical aspects of breast cancer screening in the belgian healthcare system. From information found in other countries, we build four models corresponding to an organized and spontaneous screening. We studied the total processes from screening to diagnosis, including the quality assurance and the evaluation of effectiveness in the organized models. We then applied the reimbursements of the belgian health insurance in the models and compared the costs. It appears that a screening for breast cancer must be organized to give a best "cost-effectiveness" ratio. Pilot projects should be the best way to study the best organization modalities in Belgium.English AbstractJournal ArticleSCOPUS: ar.jSCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Réflexions sur le reflux gastro-oesophagien

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of adrenergic drugs on the isolated colon of Rhesus cynomolgus

SCOPUS: ar.jFLWNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Determination of bone densitometry using computed tomography scanning

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

REFLEXIONS SUR LE REFLUX GASTRO-OESOPHAGIEN. LE REFLUX ET SES MULTIPLES PIEGES

SCOPUS: NotDefined.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Faut-il établir un contrôle qualité en échographie du sein?

SCOPUS: ed.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Adrenoceptors and regulation of intestinal tone in the isolated colon of the mouse.

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, phenylephrine, dopamine, clonidine and apomorphine at low concentrations (from 10(-9) M to 10(-6) M) contracted the longitudinal muscle of the isolated distal colon of the mouse. Phentolamine, tetrodotoxin and indomethacin antagonized these contractile responses. Yohimbine antagonized them at lower concentrations than prazosin. Dopamine and clonidine had the same contractile activity on preparations from mice pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Isoprenaline (10(-9) to 3 X 10(-7) M) induced relaxations of the colon which were antagonized by propranolol. At higher concentrations, adrenaline and noradrenaline (from 3 X 10(-7) M), dopamine (from 3 X 10(-5) M), phenylephrine (from 3 X 10(-6) M) and apomorphine (from 10(-4) M) relaxed the colon. Clonidine (10(-6) to 3 X 10(-5) M) inhibited the spontaneous activity of the colon but never induced relaxations. At 10(-4) and 10(-3) M clonidine elicited contractions. Prazosin antagonized the inhibitory effect of phenylephrine and clonidine, a mixture of propranolol and prazosin antagonized the relaxations to adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine and unmasked contractions that were sensitive to yohimbine and tetrodotoxin. The relaxations induced by apomorphine and the contractions induced by clonidine (greater than 10(-6) M) were resistant to all these antagonists. Electrical field stimulation (1 ms, 2 Hz, 2-20 V) of the mouse colon induced contractile responses which increased with the frequency of the stimulus. After cessation of stimulation at 4 Hz a rebound contraction was generally observed, followed by a progressive decline in tone. In the presence of atropine, the contractile response to field stimulation was abolished and transformed into a rapid and sustained relaxation. A rebound contraction was always observed after cessation of stimulation. The responses to electrical stimulation (in the presence or absence of atropine) were abolished by tetrodotoxin. The rebound contractions were abolished by indomethacin. The relaxations induced in the presence of atropine were not modified by phentolamine, propranolol, guanethidine, methysergide, mepyramine, cimetidine or naloxone. Tetrodotoxin (from 3 X 10(-8) M) caused a sustained contraction of the colon with increased spontaneous activity. This contraction was not modified by atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, guanethidine, methysergide, mepyramine, cimetidine, naloxone, but was abolished by preincubation of the preparation with indomethacin. These results indicate that, at low concentrations, various sympathomimetics contracted the mouse distal colon by stimulating alpha 2 presynaptic adrenoceptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS