Estudo da toxicidade crônica do herbicida glifosato em sementes de milho, de quiabo e rúcula

O glifosato é um agroquímico do grupo dos fosfonatos, ele é amplamente usado como herbicida. Embora cause a morte de quase todas as plantas pode ser usado para eliminar as ervas daninhas durante o crescimento das plantações que são resistentes ao glifosato. Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se verificar os efeitos toxicológicos do herbicida em estudo utilizando como organismo teste sementes de milho (Zea mays), quiabo (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) e rúcula (Eruca sativa). O ensaio toxicológico consistiu em utilizar papel toalha umedecido com a amostra de glifosato, e vinte sementes distribuídas uniformemente em vasilhames com tampas, deixados em local seco e arejado, sendo regadas uma vez ao dia durante 5 dias. Foi possível verificar o efeito tóxico do glifosato para sementes de milho nas concentrações acima de 90 mg.L-1, para sementes de quiabo nas concentrações acima de 75 mg.L-1 e para sementes de rúcula nas concentrações acima de 2 mg.L-1. Desta forma foi possível concluir que as sementes em estudo apresentaram uma elevada sensibilidade com possibilidade de ser aplicadas em ensaios de toxicidade, representando uma metodologia simples e de baixo custo. Palavras-chave: glifosato; toxidade; sementes. ABSTRACT Glyphosate is an agrochemical from the group of phosphonates, which is widely used as a herbicide. Although it kills almost any plant, it can be used to eliminate weeds during the growth of crops that are resistant to glyphosate. This research aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of the herbicide in a study using as test organism seeds of maize (Zea mays), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) and arugula (Eruca sativa). The toxicological testing was to use a paper towel dampened with a sample of glyphosate and twenty seeds evenly distributed in containers with lids, left in a dry and airy place, and watered once a day for 5 days. It was possible to check the toxic effect of glyphosate for corn seeds at concentrations above 90 mg.L-1, for okra seeds at concentrations above 75 mg L-1 and arugula seeds in concentrations above 2 mg L - 1. Thus it was concluded that the seeds studied showed a high sensitivity with the possibility to be applied in toxicity testing, representing a simple and low cost. Keywords: Glyphosate; toxicity; seeds</div

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60&nbsp;years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death.&nbsp;The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death