8 research outputs found
Design and performance of the multiplexing spectrometer CAMEA
The cold neutron multiplexing secondary spectrometer CAMEA (Continuous Angle
Multiple Energy Analysis) was commissioned at the Swiss spallation neutron
source SINQ at the Paul Scherrer Institut at the end of 2018. The spectrometer
is optimised for an efficient data collection in the horizontal scattering
plane, allowing for detailed and rapid mapping of excitations under extreme
conditions. The novel design consists of consecutive, upward scattering
analyzer arcs underneath an array of position sensitive detectors mounted
inside a low permeability stainless-steel vacuum vessel. The construction of
the world's first continuous angle multiple energy analysis instrument required
novel solutions to many technical challenges, including analyzer mounting,
vacuum connectors, and instrument movement. These were solved by extensive
prototype experiments and in-house developments. Here we present a technical
overview of the spectrometer describing in detail the engineering solutions and
present our first experimental data taken during the commissioning. Our results
demonstrate the tremendous gains in data collection rate for this novel type of
spectrometer design
A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales
The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. The most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. This synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world
Einflussnahme der Politik auf städtische Aktiengesellschaften – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Beam monitoring detectors for High Intensity Muon Beams
We present two novel beam monitors designed for use in current PSI muon beams and upgradable for the High Intensity Muon Beam (HIMB) project beamlines: the scintillating fibre (SciFi) detector, a grid of scintillating fibres coupled to SiPMs, and the MatriX detector, a matrix of plastic scintillators coupled to silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), both detectors having particle ID capability. The advantage of these highly segmented detectors is the capability to withstand the high beam rate and to perform total beam rate measurements. Furthermore, the use of the SiPM as a photosensor enables operation of these detectors in high magnetic field environments (up to 1.25T). Both detectors have been tested in the beam at PSI and with continuous beam rates up to 108ÎĽ+/s. The performance of these detectors as measured on the beamlines are presented.ISSN:0168-9002ISSN:1872-957